Coast Guard Emergency Response Operations …and an IH’s role in it

1. Coast Guard Emergency Response Operations…and an IH’s role in it Steve Danielczyk, CIH, CSP, CDR USCG (Ret) Director, Safety & Health ICF

2. Who is the Coast Guard? Department of Homeland Security The 5th Armed Service of the United States … under Navy during time of war • Active Duty 41,000 Officer Corp – 6,700 ~ 50,000 F/T Staff • Civilians 8,600 • Reserves 7,000 • Auxiliary 31,000 volunteers

3. Coast Guard Missions Homeland Security • Ports, Waterways, and Coastal Security • Drug Interdiction • Migrant Interdiction • Defense Readiness • Other Law Enforcement Non-Homeland Security • Marine Safety • Search and Rescue • Aids to Navigation • Living Marine Resources • Marine Environmental Protection • Ice Operations

4. Coast Guard Assets

5. Coast Guard Assets

6. Where are We?

7. Where are We?

8. What’s with the We? • Officer’s Candidate School Oct 1983-Mar 1984 • Headquarters 1984-1987 • Marine Safety Office San Francisco 1987-1991 • Grad School – UNC Chapel Hill 1991-93 • First District/MLC Atlantic Safety & Environmental Health Officer 1993-1996 • Marine Safety Office Providence 1996-2000 • Headquarters – Chief of Response 2000-2003 Career Tracks: Safety & Health Marine Safety

9. Marine Safety Specialty • Commercial Vessel Inspection • Facility Inspection • Container Inspection • Contingency Planning—oil spill/ hazmat release, military readiness, port safety incl hurricanes & radiation • Port Safety • Military Readiness • Emergency Response

10. T/V American Trader Oil Spill • Wednesday, 07 Feb 1990 • 416,000 Gallons of Crude from 2 Tanks • First “Test” for OSHA’s HAZWOPEREmergRespRegs

11. Why does the CG have IHs? Mid-1980s study showed an increased prevalence in rare blood disorders and increased mortality among Coast Guard Marine Inspectors Thought to be caused from tank inspections on chemical and oil tankers

12. How Many Field IH’s Did the CG Have? • One at each of the 10 CG Districts • 6 CG Line Officers – Typically Lieutenants (O3) • 4 USPHS Officers • Originally assigned to Marine Safety Division and reported to Headquarters' S&H command • Typical tour of duty 3 to 4 years —IH graduate school “payback tour”

13. CG D1/ Safety & Environmental Health Officer Boston Responsibilities • In 1998 • 108 worksites • 5,800 employees • 1,300 housing units

14. CGD1 S&H Staff and Initial Tasking Staff of four – 2 Boston/2 Governors Island • Industrial Hygienist (O2/3/4) • USPHS Environmental Health Specialist (O2/3) • Fire Protection Specialist—Civilian (GS12/13) • CG Corpsman (E7—HSC)

15. CGD1 S&H Staff and Initial Tasking Staff of four – 2 Boston/2 Governors Island • Industrial Hygienist (O2/3/4) • USPHS Environmental Health Specialist (O2/3) • Fire Protection Specialist—Civilian (GS12/13) • CG Corpsman (E7—HSC) & a Reservist Six scheduled two-week assistance visits/year • Training • Risk/Hazard Assessment • Atmospheric/Environmental Monitoring

16. S&H Additional & Emergency Tasking Assist with Emergencies at CG Facilities & for families • Lead based paint assessment & remediation in CG housing • Drinking water concerns • Asbestos assessment & abatement

17. Aids to Navigation Battery Cleanup • Nationwide “black eye” over 100’s of sites • Develop an Assessment & Recovery Plan Key S&H Issues • Diving/Rural Terrain Hiking • Heavy Lifting • Protocols for handling acid, lead, and waste

18. Shifting Gears  Emergency ResponseCG Missions with Significant ER Aspects Homeland Security • Ports, Waterways, and Coastal Security • Drug Interdiction • Migrant Interdiction • Defense Readiness • Other Law Enforcement Non-Homeland Security • Marine Safety • Search and Rescue • Aids to Navigation • Living Marine Resources • Marine Environmental Protection • Ice Operations

19. Emergency Response is One Phase of Many Incident

20. Emergency Response…Plans are Important International Joint Plans National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) National Response Framework (NRF) PLANS • Search and Rescue • Hurricane • Defense Readiness Regional Contingency Plans (RCPs) Incident Federal Agency Internal Plans Facility Response Plans (FRPs) Area ContingencyPlans (ACPs) State/Local Plans Vessel Response Plans (VRPs)

21. Emergency Response – Almost Universal Key Priorities • Life Safety • Those responding • Those directly impacted • The public • Incident Stabilization • Environmental Impact(s) • Restoration of Critical Infrastructure • Property Protection • Information Management * Crime Scene Preservation and Response Incident

22. Marine Environmental Response  National Contingency Plan (40 CFR 300) • Laws – OPA 1990 and CERCLA • Oil Spills, HazMat Incidents, Pollutants & Contaminates • Inland vs Coastal Zone led by pre-designated Federal On-scene Coordinators • Inland Zone: EPA ~230 FOSCs • Coastal Zone: Coast Guard 36 FOSCs • Actions Supported by State, Local and Private Industry & Non-governmental partners • Regional and Area Contingency Plans • Vessel and Facility Response Plans

23. National & Regional Response Teams Mission:To provide technical assistance, resources and coordination on preparedness, planning, and response activities for emergencies involving hazardous substances, pollutants and contaminants, hazmat, oil, weapons of mass destruction in natural and technological disasters and other environmental nationally significant incidents.

24. National & Regional Response Teams Mission:To provide technical assistance, resources and coordination on preparedness, planning, and response activities for emergencies involving hazardous substances, pollutants and contaminants, hazmat, oil, weapons of mass destruction in natural and technological disasters and other environmental nationally significant incidents.

25. National & Regional Response Teams Mission:To provide technical assistance, resources and coordination on preparedness, planning, and response activities for emergencies involving hazardous substances, pollutants and contaminants, hazmat, oil, weapons of mass destruction in natural and technological disasters and other environmental nationally significant incidents.

26. Emergency Planning by States and Locals under the National Response System • 1986 Amendment to CERCLA Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) (or SARA Title III) • State Emergency Response Coordinator appointed by Governor • SERC designates emergency planning districts, appoint LEPCs, supervise and coordinate their activities, and review local emergency response plans.

27. T/V Empire Knight • British Freighter Sunk 2/11/1944 after striking a ledge near Boon Island, ME • Carrying War Supplies: Tanks, Locomotives, Copper Wire, Mercury • Bow in 90’ Stern 260’ deep Portland Press Herald 17 Feb 1944

28. T/V Empire Knight Elemental Mercury Flask Recovery Key ER Concerns – June to November 1993 • 260 Feet – Decompression • Recovery of Liquid Product/Decon • Movement of Other Cargo • Fisheries  Lobster Why now? Salvors wanted the copper

29. Buckeye Pipeline Spill New Haven, CT • Mid-October 1994 • Sheen in Little River reported by CT DEP • Source traced to pipeline • 1800’ pipeline exposed Major S&H Issues • Elev Benzene Lvls from Jet A • Workers at 20 to 50% of LEL • Amtrak Corridor

30. Tug Scandia & Barge North Cape • Tug caught fire in Nor’easter on January 19, 1996 • All 6 crew members saved ~ 4.5 m off Pt Judith • Tug & Barge Grounded off Galilee, RI • 828,000 gallons of home heating oil spilled Major S&H Issues • 3 Nor’easters in an 8 day period hampered efforts • Clean-up crews from southern climates • Off loading the barge in surf and under pressure • Animal Rescue/Shoreline Cleanup—”volunteers”

31. IH/Emer Response Mixing Continued Marine Safety Office Providence 1996-2000 • North Cape Gap Closure—training local responders • JFK Jr Plane Crash/Egypt Air Flight 990

32. IH/Emer Response Mixing Continued Marine Safety Office Providence 1996-2000 • North Cape Gap Closure—training local responders • JFK Jr Plane Crash/Egypt Air Flight 990 Headquarters – Chief of Response 2000-2003 Internal CG ICS implementation, Monitoring oil/hazmat response operations 9/11 & Anthrax…and the aftermath • External – NRT S&H committee/Anthrax TAD • Internal – new gear, responding in a WMD cloud

33. Emergency Response – Sept 11, 2001 Incident

34. Emergency Response Priorities • Life Safety • Those responding • Those directly impacted • The public • Incident Stabilization • Environmental Impact(s) • Restoration of Critical Infrastructure • Property Protection

35. Transition to Post Emergency Response Once the IC has declared the response activity over or finished, and the immediate threat has been stabilized, any remaining clean-up would be considered a post-emergency operation. • More methodical • Less Risk Taking • More Deliberate Planning

36. Transition to Post Emergency Response Once the IC has declared the response activity over or finished, and the immediate threat has been stabilized, any remaining clean-up would be considered a post-emergency operation. • More methodical • Less Risk Taking • More Deliberate Planning

37. OSHA’s Take on ER Activities During Terrorism Incidents (…& other types) OSHA may not be exercising enforcement authority if this is not the role given the agency by the FRP or NRP. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, OSHA's primary duty is to ensure that employers are taking necessary actions to protect workers from hazards on the job; enforcement of standards is only one of the means provided by the law to achieve this end and will not always be appropriate. While 29 CFR 1910.120 provides important information on protecting workers, OSHA's task in conveying these protections through employer actions may most effectively be served following a terrorist incident through technical assistance rather than enforcement activity. (OSHA Letter of Interpretation 11/24/2003)

38. OSHA’s Take on ER Activities During Terrorism Incidents (…& other types) OSHA may not be exercising enforcement authority if this is not the role given the agency by the FRP or NRP. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, OSHA's primary duty is to ensure that employers are taking necessary actions to protect workers from hazards on the job; enforcement of standards is only one of the means provided by the law to achieve this end and will not always be appropriate. While 29 CFR 1910.120 provides important information on protecting workers, OSHA's task in conveying these protections through employer actions may most effectively be served following a terrorist incident through technical assistance rather than enforcement activity. (OSHA Letter of Interpretation 11/24/2003)

39. OSHA’s Take on ER Activities During Terrorism Incidents (…& other types) OSHA may not be exercising enforcement authority if this is not the role given the agency by the FRP or NRP. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, OSHA's primary duty is to ensure that employers are taking necessary actions to protect workers from hazards on the job; enforcement of standards is only one of the means provided by the law to achieve this end and will not always be appropriate. While 29 CFR 1910.120 provides important information on protecting workers, OSHA's task in conveying these protections through employer actions may most effectively be served following a terrorist incident through technical assistance rather than enforcement activity. (OSHA Letter of Interpretation 11/24/2003)

40. Steven J Danielczyk CIH, CSP CDR, USCG (Ret) ICF’s Director of Safety & Health 617-250-4244 sdanielczyk@icf.com