A TRADITION OF NEUTRALITY. Give historical examples of America’s tradition of neutrality:

1. http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4567046/rep-rangel-bring-back-the-draft/http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/360913/october-04-2010/we-world-war-won-ithttp://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4567046/rep-rangel-bring-back-the-draft/http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/360913/october-04-2010/we-world-war-won-it

2. A TRADITION OF NEUTRALITY. Give historical examples of America’s tradition of neutrality: • Wilson wants to focus on Progressivism. Why do you think WWI ends the era of “Progressivism”?

3. Why does America enter WWI? • Can we trade with nations at war and truly be neutral? • Do we have a “right” as a nation to trade? • Did Germany have a “right” to attack ships delivering goods to Britain during WWI? • Was the Zimmerman Note a legitimate cause to declare war on Germany? • COULD the US have stayed out of WWI? • ….SHOULD WE HAVE?

4. The Draft/ Selective Service Act • WWI: 3,000,000 drafted; 750,000 see action; 110,000 dead; 200,000 wounded • Should the government have the power to force you to fight in the armed services whether you want to or not? • http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4567046/rep-rangel-bring-back-the-draft/ • Would you support the “Universal National Service Act” today?

5. Sedition Act • forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces or that caused others to view the American government or its institutions with contempt

6. Schenck v. the United States • Should the government be able to limit free speech during a war? • THE DECISION: “Clear and present danger doctrine”: • “Words can be weapons...The question...is whether the words used are used in such circumstances and are of such nature as to create a clear and present danger that will bring about the substantial evils that Congress has a right to prevent.” • “Free speech would not protect a man falsely shouting ‘FIRE!’ in a crowded theater and causing a panic.”

7. I. Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.

8. II. Absolute freedom of navigation upon the seas, outside territorial waters, alike in peace and in war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or in part by international action for the enforcement of international covenants.

9. III. The removal, so far as possible, of all economic barriers and the establishment of an equality of trade conditions among all the nations consenting to the peace and associating themselves for its maintenance.

10. IV. Adequate guarantees given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety.

11. V. A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined

12. XIV. A general association of nations must be formed under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

13. discuss the meaning of PACIFISM and ISOLATIONISM (if you have no idea, take a guess) • Why do you think these ideas spread in the U.S. after World War I?

14. Why did the U.S. Senate not sign the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations?

15. 1920s foreign policy: searching for peace and arms control V. Washington Naval Disarmament Conference (1922) VI. Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) >50 nations sign document renouncing use of war • Treaties signed for DISARMAMENT • Example: Five Power Treaty • Limits size of navy • Agree to maintain current territories

16. Unit 10: 2. Key Ideas

17. 3. Important People and Why

18. 4. Issues Regents likes to ask • T. Roosevelt- Roosevelt Corollary, Big Stick Diplomacy • Yellow journalism- cause of Sp Am War • Schenck v. U.S. • Isolationism after war- Senate reject Lge of Nations

19. Questions… • With partner, share questions and see if either has the answer. • Pairs of partners ask each other. • Be prepared to ask remaining questions to class.

21. After World War I, the opposition of some Members of Congress to the Versailles Treaty was based largely on the idea that the Treaty • did not punish the Central Powers harshly enough • did not give the United States an important role in world affairs • would require the United States to join the League of Nations and might result in a loss of United States sovereignty • would require the United States to assume the cost of rebuilding the war-torn European economies

22. The "clear and present danger" ruling of the Supreme Court in Schenck v. United States • illustrates the continuing conflict betweenfree speech and governmental authority • the use of search warrants and the rights of the accused • state powers and Federal powers • religious freedom and separation of church and state

23. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points were intended to • make the United States, Great Britain, and France into leading world powers • redistribute Germany’s colonies among the Allied nations • prevent international tensions from leading to war • punish Germany for causing World War I

24. Which action best demonstrated the United States effort to isolate itself from European conflicts after World War I? • lowering tariff rates • attempting to improve relations with Asia • failing to sign international disarmament agreements • refusing to join the League of Nations