Topic6: Gas in the GI Tract & Neither Super Nor a Bug

1. Topic6: Gas in the GI Tract & Neither Super Nor a Bug Director: ET BEAR Presenter: Frances Tsai

2. Gas in the GI tract Textbook P.30-P.34

3. brainstorming Have you ever had an “eat-to-die” experience? How do you feel in your abdomen after that?

4. vocabulary Gastrointestinal (GI) relating to the stomach and intestinal tract Bloating because of excessive gas or fluid, abdomen swells past its normal size flatulence  flatus expelled through the anus Appendicitis serious inflammation in the appendix

5. vocabulary Colonoscopy visual inspection of the interior of the colon with a  flexible, lightedtube Lactose intolerance unable to digest lactose ,a substance in milk Salivation the process of producing saliva in your mouth when seeing or smelling food Acupressure massage in which finger pressure on specific bodily sites   Homeopathy An alternative medicine, which believe “like cure like”

6. Summary- introduction of GI gas • GI gas cause: swallowing air, bacteria metabolism in large intestine • excessive GI gas or GI disorder will cause burping, bloating, flatulence, or gas pain. • Patient’s medical and dietary history are important when diagnosing

7. Summary-diagnosing Some tests are commonly used to rule out H. Pylori bacteria, celiac disease, GI tract blockage or tumor pains result from GI gas may be mistaken for appendicitis, gallstone, heart attack Symptoms can be eased by changing personal habits and over-the-counter medications.

8. Summary: How to reduce the symptoms Change eating habit : eating circumstances, avoid food high in carbohydrate such as milk, especially patients with lactose intolerance Avoid excessive salivation: when swallow the saliva, we also swallow air

9. Summary: How to reduce the symptoms • Improve the movement of small intestine, which can diminish bloating in stomach • Exercise, acupressure, homeopathy, hydrotherapy are other choices

10. Discussion-1 Have you ever felt uncomfortable in your tummy? In what situation? what does it feel like? how do you ease your pain?

11. Discussion-2 People suffering from GI gas pain or other GI problems has increased . What can be the potential reasons? ??

12. Superbug: Neither Super Nor a Bug Supplementary :P.56-P.58

13. brainstorming VS What’s the difference between a superbug and a super man? And what are they in common?

14. vocabulary crop up to happen or appear unexpectedly Imminent likely to occur at any moment Render to cause someone or something to be in a particular state Indiscriminately not showing careful thought or planning, especially so that harm results

15. vocabulary Trade-offs a situation in which you balance two opposing situations or qualities Predecessor someone who had a position before someone else, or something which comes before another thing in time or in a series Cystic fibrosis glands other organs, such as the liver and the pancreas not to work in the lungs and correctly

16. news: superbug appearance “superbug” Some Americans who have received medical treatment in India and Pakistan are diagnosed with a infection which render nearly all treatment useless It’s caused by resistant bacteria, which we dubbed

17. Summary-why do they appear? Poor hygiene Bacteria grow easily The strongest survive Antibiotics abuse the bacteria with resistance to multiply 2. Immigration of human: bacteria gene variation

18. Summary: what superbug really is The superbugs don’t infect human easily, and they do no harm. Actually there are still two antibiotics effective However, because the multi-resistance gene is located in plasmids,a small circular DNA, it can pass from species to species. Once the bacteria that cause pneumonia, cholera, or other fatal diseases get the plasmid…….

19. Summary: what we should do On a global level, the appearance of multi-resistant bacteria should be taken seriously Measures to take: 1.New kinds of antibiotics 2.control present use of antibiotics 3.international cooperation 4. immigration and medical tourism

20. Discussion-3 Do you have the experience of taking antibiotics? Under what situation? Share it with us!

21. Discussion-4 What do you think of the discovery of antibiotics? Is it good or bad ? Why?

22. Thanks for your attention!!