Proposed Conceptual Model to Guide Workforce Development Efforts in Child Welfare

1. Proposed Conceptual Model to Guide Workforce Development Efforts in Child Welfare Feb 2014

2. Goal To develop a conceptual model to further understanding of child welfare workforce effectiveness and guide broader workforce development efforts.

3. Holistic understanding of workforce development Social Worker Training Personal Factors Environment Agency / Organization Clients Job Performance & Effectiveness Satisfaction Psychosocial wellbeing High client outcomes Community outcomes

4. Proposed Conceptual Model Climate Factors (Social-Community and Economic) Selection (e.g., recruitment and interview processes, Realistic Job Previews,) Org. / Agency influences (e.g., culture, climate) Performance Management (e.g., rewards, evaluation) Retention Academic Program Experience (e.g., satisfaction with program, preparation for job) Field Work: Experience (e.g., application of practice behaviors, satisfaction) Student Variables @ Pre-service (e.g., resilience, gender, racial/ethnic background) New Hire Training (e.g., competence) Early job experiences (e.g., satisfaction, competence) Later job satisfaction/ effectiveness (e.g., satisfaction, competence) Child & Family Outcomes Ongoing Training Support (Peer, Family, Coach Supervisor) Support (Academic, Peer, Family) Work (in-service) University (pre-service)

5. What to measure? Pre Service: Student Inventory @ Pre-service: IV-E status, Gender, Age, Race/ Ethnic background, Resilience, Self efficacy, Years in PCSW, Current role, Workload, Commitment to field, SES, Attitudes to Poverty, Support New Graduates: Academic Program & Field Work Experience: Academic program evaluation, Field Work Evaluation of experience, application of practice behaviors (student and FI perspective) Final Completion Metrics: Preparedness, Commitment to the field, Commitment to the organization Selection Criteria and Metrics: Job expectations (Realistic Job Previews), Recruitment Ask of IV-E and non IV-Es Check at different time points in a worker’s career. Job and Workplace Evaluation: Early Job Performance: Self-ratings of competency,Job satisfaction, , Quality of Supervision, Job expectations, Engagement with families served, Case load, Paperwork, Stress, SCL-90 (Depression, Hostility/ Anxiety), Commitment to the field, Commitment to the organization, Training received, Satisfaction with training, professional development Organizational Factors: Constructive/ Defensive culture, Org. values, Org. structure, Org. climate, Perceptions of Org. Politics Support: Family, Peer, Academic, Supervisor, Organization, Self-care Pre-service In-service

6. Some possible research questions Pre-service: • How do student characteristics (self efficacy, motivation) influence learning outcomes, performance in the field and early performance on the job? • How are field experiences is learning & performance on internship & job influenced by time management and support? • Does more learning predict better internship experiences? Greater application of practice behaviors? • How does overall satisfaction with one’s academic program /sense of preparedness affect early work experiences? • How do IVE vs. non- IV-E students differ in their academic and field experiences? • How do individual differences such as resilience affect academic and field experiences? Do these carry over into early job experiences? In-Service: • What influence do organizational variables such as culture and climate have on early job performance? • How does satisfaction and fit with one’s field experience affect one’s early job experiences? • What is the relationship between psychosocial functioning in social workers and retention? • How do the on-the-job experiences of IVE and non- IV-E differ? • What are some characteristics of workers (in terms of personality, satisfaction) that are retained longer? • How do these tie into outcomes at the level of children?

7. Some possible MH research questions(Gwen’s wish list) Pre-service: • How are the diversity characteristics of MHP students changing the diversity of the mental health social work workforce in California over time? • Do MHP learning strategies (seminars and courses, regular meetings with MHP students) predict better internship experiences? Greater application of recovery-oriented practice behaviors? • How do MHP vs. non- MHP students differ in their academic and field work performance? • How do student characteristics (self efficacy, motivation) influence learning outcomes, payback job search success, and early experience on the job? • How does having lived experience as a consumer or family member affect individual academic and field progress? How do these experiences affect the job search and completion of the payback obligation? • What supports do students find most/least helpful in completing academic and payback requirements?

8. Deciding on measurement methods • Simulation (for competence)? • Survey data (self report, other report) • Targeted sampling to reduce survey burden • Strategic county participation

10. Next steps Continue testing relationships in the model c. Publish b. Share findings with partners a. Analyze the data Begin data gathering efforts b. Identify valid and reliable scales for robust data gathering a. Identify tools for testing hypotheses c. Get partner buy-in for more robust data from ALL students b. Identify willing schools/ county agencies. a. Decide on most important questions/ low-hanging fruit.

11. Your reactions?