VERBS – Unit 3 8 th Grade

1. VERBS – Unit 38th Grade By: Angélica Guerra, MS Greater Miami Adventist Academy LESSON COLLATED WITH Houghton Mifflin – English 8

2. What is a verb? The main word in the predicate / The simple predicate

3. KINDS OF VERBS – lesson 1 • The are TWO major kinds of verbs: • ACTION • BEING / LINKING

4. What the subject does, has, or feels: • I cook dinner. - Ann owns a mac computer. -Lucy hatesBrussel sprouts! • Action can be: • PHYSICAL: can be seen (I eat soup.) • MENTAL or EMOTIONAL: cannot be seen (I want a dog. / The boystudieshis lesson.)

5. Make a sentence using action verbs:

6. BEING VERBS • Show what the subject is or is like. Ana seems tired. The janitor was tired. See and memorize: common Being Verbs on page 100 • A BEING verb is often a LINKING verb – It links the subject to a word in the predicate. • The word it is linked to is either: • Predicate Noun • My mom is a doctor. • Predicate Adjective • My mom is tired.

7. LINKING • The pilot looks young. • Lucy smelled sweaty. ACTION • The boy looks at the dog. • I smelled the rose. • Tell if the verb is ACTION or LINKING: • The new girl has become my friend. • The project appears copied. • The teacher tasted the soup. • It tasted too salty. • Jan feels the surface of the table.

8. Make a sentence with LINKING & ACTION verbs:

9. VERB PHRASE: A verb that is made up of more than ONE word • VERB PHRASE is made up of: • MAIN VERB– the verb that expresses the action or state of being • HELPING VERB– one or more verbs that work with the main verb and don’t show any action or being EX: Bill haseatenhis dinner. / I would have gonehome! Memorize list of Common Helping Verbs on p. 115!

10. Some verbs can be a MAIN VERB in one sentence and a HELPING VERB in another: • MAIN VB.= I did my work yesterday. • HELPING VB. = I didseeyou at the mall. • Some time the verb parts may be separated by interrupting words: May I go with you? / Should we eat now? The sun may not come out today.

11. Make sentences with VERB PHRASES:

12. Tenseidentifies WHEN the action or state of being takes place. • PRESENT: Is happening now • Remember: 3rd person singular – add –s He sings a song. Steve laughs. Maria smells the rose. • PAST:Already happened • FUTURE: Is going to happen

13. 4 principal parts of a verb: • Base form: ex. JUMP • Present participle: (IS) JUMPING • Past: JUMPED • Past participle: (HAS) JUMPED

14. MEMORIZE THESE RULES AGAIN IF YOU’VE FORGOTTEN THEM!

15. Make a sentence that includes past, present, and/or future tenses!

18. BE / HAVE / DO – lesson 4 • These are the 3 most frequently used verbs in the English language. • They can be used as main verbs or as helping verbs. • Memorize the rules for forming their tenses – see p. 110.

19. THE VERB BE - The most common verbSimple Tense Review

20. Make a sentence with the proper form of BE the teacher will tell you:

21. Make sentences using the verb(s) the teacher will tell you.

22. Irregular verbs • Lessons 5 & 6 • See book – pp. 125 & 129.

23. 7- The verb shows the action is continuing.

24. Choose a verb from the list, and make a progressive verb sentence. • Hug • Sleep • Play • Rest

25. TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS lesson 8 • TRANSITIVE VB.=A verb that SENDS its action to a noun or pronoun • DIRECT OBJECT = The noun or pronoun that RECEIVES the action The teacher writes a letter. • INTRANSITIVE VB.=A verb that DOESN’T send its action anywhere (no Direct Object) The teacher writes.

26. TRANSITIVE & INTRANSITIVE VERBS lesson 8– continuation… • LINKING VERBSARE ALWAYS INTRANSITIVE BECAUSE THEY DO NOT EXPRESS ACTION. • The Christian Warriors are the winners of the tournament. • They looked tired after their victory.

27. Make 1 Transitive & 1 Intransitive Sentence: Boudreaux and Thibodeaux

28. DIRECT OBJECT - 9 • A noun or pronoun that tells WHO or WHAT receives the action of the verb. • A dragonfly has four fragile wings. • D.O. may be a noun or pronoun. • The little boy took the dragonfly. • The little boy took it. • D.O. may be compound (more than 1) • Dragonflies like bananas and flowers.

29. Tell if the sentence is Transitive OR transitive; if transitive, identify the D.O. • My beagle barks a lot. • She eats apples and potato peals. • She sleeps all day long. • I made breakfast for her. • I took her and my friend Raquel to the park.

30. Most verbs express ACTION. If that action is directed toward another word, the verb is TRANSITIVE. • Direct Object: The word toward which the action goes. • Questions to ask: What? / Whom? • The car needs gasoline and new tires. • Needs what? • My friend visits my family and me. • Visits whom?

31. Continuation – D.O.(lsn 9) • Intransitive Verb: Does not have an Object Some verbs are ALWAYS Intransitive The bird flew away. - Flew where? The team played well. - Played how? We will finish tomorrow. - Finish when? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ • Transitive OR Intransitive? • Please get your book. • The book closed noisily.

32. INDIRECT OBJECT (I. O.)- 9 • Indirect Object: tells to whom, for whom, to what, or for what the action of the verb is done. • It ALWAYS comes between the verb and the Direct Object. • It’s a NOUN or a PRONOUN.

33. Indirect Object… Which sentences have IO? • The slithery python gave the trainer a surprise. • Hanna baked her sister a cake. • My pastor delivered a great sermon for us. • The athlete threw the referee his helmet. • Dwayne Wade gave the trophy to me.

34. PREDICATE NOUNS & PREDICATE ADJECTIVES - 10 • LINKING VERBS cannot have objects. • A Linking Verb CONNECTS the subject with a word in the predicate that describes or renames the subject. • If the words renames: Predicate Noun • Mules resemble stubby horses. • If the word describes: Predicate Adjective • The story sounds marvelous.

35. Make one or more sentences about wolves using pred. nouns and/or pred. adjectives:

36. ACTIVE VOICE: Most sentences are like this. The subject DOES the action. • Electric motors run high-speed trains. • PASSIVE VOICE: The subject RECEIVES the action. • High-speed trains are run by electric motors.

37. ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE …(rules) • Sentence has to be transitive (have DO) • (A) Magnets in the motor createa force. • To turn to passive, use the correct tense of the verb BE and change the main verb to its past participle. • (P) A force is createdby magnets in the motor. • The D.O. becomes the SUBJECT! • Sometimes the performer of the action DOES NOT appear in the Passive Voice. • The original model has been perfected.

38. Make these Active Voice sentences into Passive Voice (if you can): • Dr. Sato developed a cool train. • Dr. Sato travels by train often. • He loves his wife and daughter.

39. Turn this ACTIVE sentence to PASSIVE: • A kangaroo mother nurses her joey inside a pouch she has.

40. Turn this passive sentence to active: An unusual animal was found in the eighteenth century by Captain James Cook.

41. A verb and its subject MUST agree in number • Singular verb = singular subject An ant crawls. • Plural verb = plural subject Three ant crawl. • The verb BE doesn’t follow the usual rules. • Check chart on page 110

42. Subject-verb agreement… • If you use AND to join the parts of a compound subject, USE A PLURAL VERB. • Shrews, moles, and toads eat insects. • A mole and a toad were in my garden last night.

43. When joining subject with words such as OR, EITHER…OR, or NEITHER…NOR, the verb may be singular or plural. • Plural verb: if both subjects are plural. • The dogs and catswere both eating. • Singular verb: if both subjects are singular. • Neither Jim nor Steve is here.

44. Verb Agrees with the SUBJECT CLOSEST: When ONE subject is singular and ONE is plural. • Either the twins or Marc issinging today. • Either Marc or the twins aresinging today. ****Choose the correct verb:**** • Ana or my parents ______ taking me to church. • Neither the eighth graders nor Mrs. Guerra ____ here.

45. More on subject-verb agrmt. LESSON 13: Titles, Names, and Nouns Ending with “S” • A title takes a singular verb form: • The United States IS more than 200 years old. • Certain nouns ending with S always take a singular verb: • The news was encouraging today. • Other nouns ending with S always take a plural verb: • These scissors cut well.

46. Inverted & interrupted order lesson 14 • In most sentences the SUBJECT appears at the beginning. • When ALL or PART of the predicate appear at the beginning, the sentence is INVERTED. • To identify the subject: • First find the verb. • Then ask WHO or WHAT is doing the action. • In the bedroom is my bed. • What is in the bedroom? MY BED

47. INVERTED SENTENCE – The subject IS NOT at the beginning. • When a sentence begins with HERE or THERE, the verb MUST also agree with the subject. • To find the subject, ask: WHOorWHAT IS HERE? • Here is the book. (What is here?) • There are my friends! (Who are there?)

48. Make a sentence starting with “here” or “there”:

49. Cont… lesson 14 • INTERRUPTED ORDER: • This is when 1 or more words come between the subject and the verb. • Identify the subject carefully, and make the verb agree with it. • Often exhibits on only one subject fill an entire museum.

50. Sometimes the verb is shortened in the cont. • Notice that the apostrophe goes where the letter is missing: We are = we’re I am – I’m • Often a verb and NOT are combined. • NOT is not part of the verb! Ana isn’t coming today. / Ana is not comingtoday.