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Application

Application. Transport. you are here. Network. Link. Physical. Transport (process-to-process). Network (host-to-host). Link (node-to-node). Transport (process-to-process). Network (host-to-host). IP. ICMP. Routing Protocols. Link (node-to-node). Routing.

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Application

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  1. Application Transport you are here Network Link Physical

  2. Transport (process-to-process) Network (host-to-host) Link (node-to-node)

  3. Transport (process-to-process) Network (host-to-host) IP ICMP Routing Protocols Link (node-to-node)

  4. Routing

  5. Internet is a “network of networks” A hierarchy of ISPs (Tier 1, 2, 3), each owns routers and links

  6. Internet is a “network of Autonomous Systems” A hierarchy of ISPs (Tier 1, 2, 3), each owns routers and links

  7. Intra-AS routing Inter-AS routing

  8. Abstract View of Routing

  9. 1 2 4 1 2 3 7 2 2

  10. Least Cost Path Problem in Graph

  11. Link-State Routing Centralized, using Dijkstra algorithm

  12. broadcast costs of links to each other

  13. compute shortest paths locally (using global map)

  14. Distance Vector Routing Distributed Asynchronous Iterative Self-Terminating

  15. exchange “local views” with neighbors

  16. update “local views” (based on neighbors’ view)

  17. y x

  18. y x

  19. Bellman-FordEquation

  20. v y x

  21. 7 v 9 y 5 2 8 x 4

  22. 7 9 y 5 v* 2 8 x 4

  23. Dest Next y v*

  24. Distance Vector

  25. 1 2 y 7 x z

  26. 1 2 y 7 x z

  27. 5 1 2 y w 2 7 x z

  28. 1 4 y 50 x z

  29. 1 4 y 50 x z

  30. “Count-To-Infinity” Problem

  31. PoisonedReverse

  32. DV LS

  33. 1 4 y 50 x z

  34. RIP Routing Information Protocol

  35. Routing Table

  36. Exchange every 30 seconds(over UDP)

  37. RIP “Self-Repair” if no ad from n for 180s assume n has failed

  38. “static routing”“load insensitive”

  39. Intra-AS routing Inter-AS routing

  40. BGP Border Gateway Protocol

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