World War I

1. World War I Chapter 29

2. The Rise of Nationalism • Nations competing for power • Competition for colonies in Africa and Asia • Other groups, Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians pushing for independence

3. Military Powers • European Nations believed they needed to have a powerful military • Militarism- policy of glorifying the military power and keeping an army prepared for war

4. Militarism Frightened Many “The entire able-bodied population are preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it is true, wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace and determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable accident, for the spark to fall in a flash…and blow all Europe sky-high” –Frederic Passy (1895)

5. Rivalries and Alliances Emerge

6. Otto Von Bismarck What tactic/strategy did he use to unify Germany?

7. Rivalries and Alliances • Bismarck believed Germany’s greatest threat was France “As long as it is without allies…France poses no danger to us” -Otto Von Bismarck

8. Triple Alliance • Germany formed a dual alliance with Austria-Hungary • Italy joined the Alliance a couple years later • Bismarck then also signed a treaty with Russia

9. Triple Alliance Treaty • What country was this document bringing into the alliance? • What was one of the chief aims of the Triple Alliance? • What happens if Italy is attacked by France? • Article 4: What happens if a great power attacks one of the high contracting powers? • Is the treaty secretive or open? • How long is the treaty initially in force for?

10. Germany Slips Up • Kaiser Wilhelm II forced Bismarck to resign in 1890 • He did not want to share power with anyone • Wanted to show the world how mighty Germany was

11. Germany Slips Up • Wilhelm let treaty with Russia run out in 1890 • Russia formed a military alliance with France in 1892 • This was Bismarck’s greatest fear… • War with one would be war with the other • 2 front war

12. Germany Slips Up • Wilhelm also began a massive ship building project • Wanted his navy equivalent to Great Britain • GB was threatened by Germany

13. Triple Entente • Great Britain forms an alliance with France • In 1907, Great Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente

14. Triple Alliance Triple Entente France, Russia, and Great Britain Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

15. Crisis in the Balkans

16. The Ottoman Empire • The Ottoman Empire encompassed Turkey and the Balkan Peninsula • However, its power was in decline and several nationalist groups declared their independence

17. Balkan Nations • These new formed countries in the Balkans included Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia • All these countries looked to extend their borders

18. Serbia • Had a large Slavic population • Wanted to absorb all Slavs on the Balkan Peninsula • Russia, mostly Slavic, supported Serbian Nationalism • Austria-Hungary did not Novak Djokovic

19. Austria-Hungary • Was afraid a Slavic Nation in the Balkans would stir rebellion amongst its Slavic population • 1908, took over Bosnia and Herzegovina (2 areas with large Slavic populations)

20. Tensions between A-H and Serbia • Serbs were outraged by this • Serbs vowed to take Bosnia and Herzegovina • Austria-Hungary vowed to crush any Serbian effort to undermine their authority in the Balkans

21. Remember Back…19 Years Previous “The entire able-bodied population are preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it is true, wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace and determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable accident, for the spark to fall in a flash…and blow all Europe sky-high” –Frederic Passy (1895)

22. “A Shot Rings Throughout Europe” • The heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated on June 28, 1914 • He and his wife, Sophie, were paying a visit to Bosnia

23. “A Shot Rings Throughout Europe” • He was assassinated by GavriloPrincip, a Serbian and member of the Black Hand • The Black Hand was a secret society • Their goal was to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule

25. BorijoveJevtic’s Account You are an Editor for the “Serbian Chronicle.” Write a newspaper account of the events that took place on June 28. Use quotes from BorijoveJevtic.

26. Franz Ferdinand Band • Formed in 2002 • Song “All for you, Sophia” is speaking of “Sophie” as well as mentions GavriloPrincip, the Black Hand, and “Urban” (Franz Ferdinand)

28. War Breaks Out • Austria saw this murder as an excuse to punish Serbia • On July 28 Austria declared war on Serbia

29. Russia Joins War • Russia was an ally of Serbia with its large Slavic population • Russia ordered the mobilization of troops to the Austrian border

30. Triple Alliance Triple Entente France, Russia, and Great Britain Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

31. Chain Reaction • Russia also began mobilizing troops to the German border • Germany then declared war on Russia on August 1

32. Chain Reaction • 2 days after, August 3rd, Germany declared war on France • Great Britain then declared war on Germany

33. Chain Reaction

34. Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Bulgaria * • Ottoman Empire * *Joined in hopes of regaining lost territory

35. Allied Powers • Great Britain • France • Russia • Japan joined shortly there after • Italy joined after accusing its former partners (Austria and Germany) of unjustly starting a war

36. World War I Many thought the war would be very short… Not many knew how horrible this war would actually be…

37. Quiz • What country carried out the Schlieffen Plan? • Name 3 Central Powers. • Give 2 reasons why the US entered World War I. • What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?

38. 2 Front War

39. Germany: Schlieffen Plan • Plan was to defeat France in the West quickly • Then move East and defeat Russia • Russia lagged behind France in railroads and industry

40. Germany: Schlieffen Plan • By Fall, Germany was finding great success in defeating France on the Western Front • Germany had swept into France and were on the outskirts of Paris

41. First Battle of the Marne • Great Victory for France • Outside of Paris • France threw everything they had at Germany • After 4 days of fighting, Germany retreated

42. First Battle of Marne • Schlieffen Plan was now left in ruins • A quick victory on the Western Front for Germany now did not look too promising • Stalemate on the Western Front

43. Trench Warfare • Opposing armies dug up trenches/ditches that they fought from • Area between trenches was known as “No man’s land” • Armies trade huge loses fighting in the trenches

44. Trenches • Conditions were awful! • Mud • Rats • Malnutrition • Lack of Sleep • Artillery fire was aimed at the trenches

45. “The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud.” -Anonymous Soldier

46. “Shells of all calibers kept raining on our sector…The trenches disappeared, filled with earth…The air was unbreathable. Our blinded, wounded crawling, and shouting soldiers kept falling on top of us and died splashing us with food. It was living Hell.” -French Soldier

47. A Global Conflict • Japan and Australia joined the Allies • The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers • France and Great Britain used its colonists in Africa to help fight the war

48. World War I Allied Powers Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire • Great Britain • France • Russia • Italy • Japan • United States (Joined 1917)

49. Machine Gun

50. Poison Gas