Chapter 8: the Islamic world section 4: the ottoman and Safavid empires.

1. Chapter 8: the Islamic worldsection 4: the ottoman and Safavid empires. Atiuqat World history Period 1

2. A. The ottoman empire • Decline of the Seljuk's • Eventually the Seljuk Turk became weaken in addition to fighting outside invaders, Seljuk leaders also fought among themselves. • When a ruler died the Seljuk's divided his province among his sons. • By the time Mughal warriors from Asia crossed Russia and invaded Persia in 1243 the Seljuk's were in a state of disunity.

3. a. The ottoman empire • The Ottoman Turks • The ottoman empire Replaced the remaining Seljuk empire in Asia minor. • THE OTTOMAN S SOON EXPLAINED BEYOND THEIR SELJUK BORDER AND CONQUERED BYZANTINE TERRITORIES. • BY OSMAN’S DEATH IN 1326, THE WESTERN COAST OF ASIA MINOR WAS PART OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.

4. a. The ottoman empire • FALL OF CONTANTINOPLE • FINALLY IN 1453, THE OTTOMAN SULTAN MUHAMMAD ii , also known as mehmet ii , conquered Constantinople. • people thought the city could not be attached because of a iron chain that kept ships from the harbor. • However Muhammad had 170 warships disassembled and moved over the land from the Bosporus. He, then reassembled and launched the warships into the harbor outside the city.

5. a. The ottoman empire • Suleiman the magnificent. • The greatest ottoman sultan was Suleiman. He was an effective general who pushed even deeper into Europe. • He extended Turkic rule west through much of Hungary to the borders of Austria. • Suleiman led the ottomans into golden age. Under his leadership , Turkic laws were rewritten to make them more fair.

6. a. The ottoman empire • Ottoman Culture • The ottomans divided their people into four social classes. At the top of the social classes were the men of the pen. • The men of the swords and the men of the pen were mainly all Muslims. • In ottoman society, non-Muslims were organized into millets, or religious communities.

7. a. The ottoman empire • The Decline Of The Ottoman Empire • The ottoman empire showed the first sighs of weakness in the late 1700’s . • at the time, it lost the Crimea, a peninsula in the black sea, to Russia after a six- year war. • Greece won its independence. The empire also lost territories to France and great Britain.

8. B. The safavid empire • The safavid empire spanned a broad region of Persia and was controlled by shiite Muslims

9. B. The safavid empire • Shah Abbas I • THE SAFAVID HEIGHTS OF POWER CAME DURING THE REIGN OF THE SHAH, OR KING, NAMED ABBAS I. HE FOUGHT PORTUGAL AND SPAIN TO KEEP THEM OUT OF ISLAMIC AREAS. • PERSIAN CULTURE EXPERIENCED A REBIRTH DURING HIS REIGN. • ABBAS STREN GTHENED THE MILITARY, THE ECONOMY, THE GOVNERMENT, AND ISLAM.

10. B. The safavid empire • DECLINE OF THE SAFAVID EMPIRE • THE SAFAVID EMPIRE DECLINED AFTER THE DEATH OFN SHAH ABBAS I IN 1629. • ONE POSSIBLE CAUSE OF THE DECLINED WAS THE PRESSURE FROM OTTOMAN ARMIES. • FINALLY A GROUP OF AFGHAN SUNNI MUSLIMS REBELLED AND CAPTURED ISFAHAN.`

11. Seljuk • In the 11th century, a Turcoman tribe called the Seljuk's set up a state in Iran, with Isfahan as their capital. The Abbasid caliph in Baghdad was so taken in by their military prowess, that he sanctioned their leader, Tugrul Bey, with the title "King of the East and West" thus designating the Seljuk warlord as his temporal deputy.

12. Mughal • The Mughals were Central Asian descendents of the great Mongol warriors Ghengis Khan and Timur (Tamerlane), whose hordes of cavalry swept across the Eurasian steppe in the 13th and 14th centuries, conquering everything between Beijing and Budapest.

13. Asia minor. • The district of Asia Minor, or Anatolia of the Greek World, is among the first cradles of human civilization. Some of the earliest Neolithic settlements in the Middle East have been found in Asia Minor.