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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Unit 10 – Honor’s. Base. Acid. Salt. Water. Electrolyte pH near 7. pH below 7. pH above 7. Sour taste. Bitter taste. Reacts with metals and bases. Reacts with fats and oils and acids. electrolyte. electrolyte. pH is a measure of the amount of hydronium ion.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases Unit 10 – Honor’s

  2. Base Acid Salt Water Electrolyte pH near 7 pH below 7 pH above 7 Sour taste Bitter taste Reacts with metals and bases Reacts with fats and oils and acids electrolyte electrolyte Lincoln Park High School

  3. pH is a measure of the amount of hydronium ion. • pH = -log[concentration H+] • [10-1M HCl] ; pH = 1 • [10-2M HCl] ; pH = 2 • [10-3M HCl] ; pH = 3 • [10-4M HCl] ; pH = 4 • [10-5M HCl] ; pH = 5 • [10-6M HCl] ; pH = 6 • [10-7M HCl] ; pH = 7 Lincoln Park High School

  4. pOH is a measure of the amount of hydroxide ion. • pOH = -log[concentration OH-] • [10-1M NaOH] ; pOH = 1 • [10-2M NaOH] ; pOH = 2 • [10-3M NaOH] ; pOH = 3 • [10-4M NaOH] ; pOH = 4 • [10-5M NaOH] ; pOH = 5 • [10-6M NaOH] ; pOH = 6 • [10-7M NaOH] ; pOH = 7 Lincoln Park High School

  5. pH and pOH These are log rhythmic scales! Each number is a power of 10 10-1 = 0.1 10-2 = 0.01 10-3 = 0.001 10-4 = 0.0001 10-5 = 0.00001 10-6 = 0.000001 Lincoln Park High School

  6. pH is how much acid.What is pOH? pOH is how much base, the more base the lower the pOH Since pH = -log[H+] less is more! The smaller the pH, the less negative is the exponent. Smaller pOH = smaller Negative exponent! Lincoln Park High School

  7. Naming Acids. Binary Acids: ex: HCl, HBr, HSe Hydro _________ ic acid Oxyacids ex: H2SO4, H3PO4, HNO3 ______________ ic acid Or ex: H2SO3, H3PO3, HNO2 ______________ ous acid selen brom chlor phosphor sulfur nitr sulfur phosphor nitr Lincoln Park High School

  8. How can you tell if you have an acid? • The first symbol in the formula are H … Hydronium ion is in acids. Cl H O S H2SO4 = sulfuric acid O O H H HCl = Hydrochloric acid Lincoln Park High School O

  9. O H O O H H How can you tell if you have a base? • The last two symbols in the formula are OH … Hydroxides are bases. Na Ca NaOH = sodium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 = calcium hydroxide Lincoln Park High School

  10. What is Kw? • Kw is an equilibrium expression for the dissociation of water. • [H3O+][OH-] = 10-14 • In a solution of 0.01M HCl, all the HCl dissociates, [H+] = 0.01M. What is the concentration of OH-? [OH-] = 10-12 M • [ H3O+ ][ OH- ] = 10-14 10-14 0.01M 0.01M Lincoln Park High School

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