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Cyber-Physical Energy Systems: Focus on Smart Buildings

Cyber-Physical Energy Systems: Focus on Smart Buildings. Presentation by Francis Usher CS 525 Fall 2012 Monday September 19, 2012. Goals. Examine challenges for energy systems Virtual case study Implementation challenges in RL scenario Estimated energy costs and prodction

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Cyber-Physical Energy Systems: Focus on Smart Buildings

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  1. Cyber-Physical Energy Systems: Focus on Smart Buildings Presentation by Francis Usher CS 525 Fall 2012 Monday September 19, 2012

  2. Goals Examine challenges for energy systems Virtual case study Implementation challenges in RL scenario Estimated energy costs and prodction Thought experiment How close can we get to self-sufficiency?

  3. Motivation Buildings: 70% electricity, 40% GHG Push for Zero Net Energy Buildings (ZNEB) Coupled generation, sensing, & control Just one or two of these inadequate

  4. Energy Metrics & Concepts Detailed breakdown of energy usage “Mixed-use” building Lighting, mechanical, machine-room, plug Baseline load Large % total load Unreasonably high

  5. Experimental Design UCSD CSE building (mixed-use) Normal weekday occupancy Lots of permanent heavy-duty IT equipment Large roof space Climate control (overlooked)

  6. Mitigation Approach IT Infrastructure (Somniloquy) Lighting (Motion sensors & LED) Generation (Solar PV) Other generation forms not widely suitable

  7. Somniloquy People don't put their computers to sleep! Must allow lightweight, always-on net apps Pilot test on 30 CSE desktop users 60-80% savings Server estimate 50% Workload consolidation Virtual machine migration

  8. Lighting Off-hours mitigation Don't jeopardize productivity 20% of baseline = safety critical lights Other lights on motion sensor LED lights Reduction to 1/3

  9. Solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) Function of available roof space (2700m²) AC conversion efficiency vs. requirements 15% (standard) 25-48% (necessary with tracking) 31-66% (thermodynamic limit) 32% (laboratory multi-junction) Update 30% (ZTJ space-application multi-junction) 43% (laboratory multi-junction)

  10. Main Results Breakdown of metered energy use Baseline plug load (PC energy use) ~ 50% Savings capacity Mostly IT, some light Comparison with PV generation capability Contemporaneous PV technology inadequate

  11. Future Work Real-world tests Implement changes Collect data Fine-tune, tweak Analysis of cooling & ventilation optimization Make climate control ~ actual needs More efficient fans & pumps Closed-loop zonal climate control (assumed savings of 20%)

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