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DICTATORS RISE…

DICTATORS RISE…. Chapter 16.1 & 16.2. What ended World War I? . The Treaty of Versailles This would prove to be an variable in the beginnings of the Second Great War. Major Causes of World War II. 1. Failure of the Treaty of Versailles : Failure of the War Guilt Clause:

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DICTATORS RISE…

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  1. DICTATORS RISE… Chapter 16.1 & 16.2

  2. What ended World War I? • The Treaty of Versailles • This would prove to be an variable in the beginnings of the Second Great War.

  3. Major Causes of World War II 1. Failure of the Treaty of Versailles: • Failure of the War Guilt Clause: • Germans were bitter and looked for someone to blame (who did they blame?) • War Debt (Reparations): • Germany couldn’t pay even if it wanted to. Caused staggering inflation and ruined their economy • Loss of territory: • Germany was split up. Hitler wanted to reunite Germany into one country

  4. Quick Question… • In our DBQ, we discussed one of Hitler’s goals as the new German Chancellor. What was this goal? • Reunification of lost territories • Territories? • Rhineland & Sutenland

  5. Major Causes of World War II 2. Great Depression: • Because of economic uncertainty strong dictators took control of Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain and Russia. • The US, France and England were concerned with their own economic problems and could not stop the spread of Fascism and Totalitarian governments.

  6. Great Depression Hits Germany

  7. Great Depression Hits Germany • Depression initiated by war debts… • How long do you think it took Germany to pay back these debts? • http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11442892

  8. Quick Question… • Why would this economic uncertainty lead to the rise of totalitarian regimes?

  9. Major Causes of World War II • Rise of Dictators:

  10. JOSEPH STALIN & the USSR • Political Movements and Beliefs • Focused on creating a model communist state • Government control of everything (Totalitarian government) • Abolished private property • Aggressive Actions Taken in the 1920s & 1930s • Killed 8 to 13 million people who opposed him • Individuals have no rights

  11. BENITO MUSSOLINI & ITALY • Political Movements and Beliefs • Played upon Italian fears of economic collapse & communism • Fascism: stresses nationalism and places the interests state above individual. Single strong leader & devoted party members. • Aggressive Actions Taken in the 1920s & 1930s • Crushed all opposition • Invaded Ethiopia

  12. ADOLPH HITLER & NAZI GERMANY • Political Movements and Beliefs • Nazism (or fascism): • Stressed extreme nationalism • Unite Germans in a German Empire • Blamed all problems on the Jews • Master Race: blue-eyed blond-hair Aryans • Expansionism • Aggressive Actions Taken in the 1920s & 1930s • Military build-up • Took back the Rhineland

  13. HIDEKI TOJO & JAPAN • Political Movements and Beliefs • Militarism: Military rules government • Expansionism • Aggressive Actions Taken in the 1920s & 1930s • Invaded China

  14. FRANCISCO FRANCO & SPAIN • Political Movements and Beliefs • Totalitarian government • Aggressive Actions Taken in the 1920s & 1930s • Spanish Army with general Franco rebelled against Spanish republic (Civil War) • Franco supported by Germany & Italy (Rome-Berlin Axis)

  15. What famous painting found its basis in the carnage of the Spanish Civil War? “Guernica” By Pablo Picasso

  16. Major Causes of World War II 4. Failures of the League of Nations: • The league failed to enforce its own policies and allowed Germany to rebuild its military (1934). • In 1938 the League allowed Hitler to take back part of Austria

  17. Failures of the League of Nations(cont.) • Hitler gives his “last demand” for the Sutenland (1938)… • The League, led by France and England (NevilleChamberlain) signed the Munich Agreement • Winston Churchill called this appeasement (giving up your principles to pacify an aggressor). He also warned that Hitler was not done taking territory

  18. Four Causes of WWII are…. • Failure of the Treaty of Versailles • Great Depression • Rise of Dictators • Failure of the League of Nations

  19. WAR IN EUROPE • German Offensive Begins • Attack PolandSept. 1, 1939 • Helped by Soviets under the Non-aggression pact • Agreed to never attack each other • Divided Poland • Blitzkrieg • “lightning war” • Air force rained bombs over military basses, airfields, railroads and cities • Made use of tanks and powerful aircraft

  20. WAR IN EUROPE • Sept. 3, 1939England/France declare war on Germany • WWII Began!

  21. PHONY WAR • France & England created fortification line on France’s eastern border • Maginot Line • Germany created a line on their western border • Siegfried Line

  22. Germany Breaks the Silence… • Germany attacked Netherlands • Italy joined Germany • Germany and Italy surround France • June 22, 1940 France surrenders

  23. Does this look familiar?

  24. Battle of Britain • Summer of 1940 Germans attacked London, England • Air Strikes • Every night for two solid months • England fought back • Royal Air Force used radarto fight back • Air strikes on German cities

  25. TIMELINE… • 1933: Hitler named Chancellor • Quickly rearmed Germany • March 1936: Troops to the Rhineland • March 1938: Annexed Austria • October 1938: Hitler demands the Sutenland • March 1939: Hilter takes the rest of Czechoslovakia by force • August 1939: signs non-aggression pact with Russia • September 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland • September 3, 1939: France and England declare war • May 1940: Germany invades France and the Netherlands • June 1940: France surrenders • September 1940 – May 1941: Battle of Britain

  26. THE BLUNDER • Operation Barbarossa, June 1941 • Ends bombings of Britain and leads of full scale invasion of the Soviet Union • This betrayed the trust of Stalin and broke the non-aggression pact • Proved to be a turning point

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