1 / 32

Chapter 1: An Orientation to the Human Body

Chapter 1: An Orientation to the Human Body . Introduction. Anatomy Study of: External & internal structures of body Physical relationship between parts of body Answers questions “ What? ” & “ Where? ” Physiology Study of functions of various parts of body

della
Download Presentation

Chapter 1: An Orientation to the Human Body

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1: An Orientation to the Human Body

  2. Introduction • Anatomy • Study of: • External & internal structures of body • Physical relationship between parts of body • Answers questions “What?” & “Where?” • Physiology • Study of functions of various parts of body • Answers questions “Why?” & “How?”

  3. Navigating the Body • Planes of division

  4. Navigating the Body (cont’d) • Anatomical Position • To ensure consistency when describing relationship of structures • Body is erect • Feet parallel & flat on floor • Arms at sides • Palms forward • Fingers straight down • Head & eyes forward

  5. Navigating the Body (cont’d) • Directional References

  6. Navigating the Body (cont’d) • Body regions. A. Anterior view. B. Posterior view.

  7. Navigating the Body (cont’d) • Body cavities

  8. Building the Body: Atoms to Organisms • Levels of organization of the body

  9. Body Systems • Integumentary (A), skeletal (B), & muscular (C) systems

  10. Body Systems (cont’d) • Nervous (D), cardiovascular (E), & lymphatic (F) systems

  11. Body Systems (cont’d) • Respiratory (G) & endocrine (H) systems

  12. Body Systems (cont’d) • Reproductive system (I)

  13. Body Systems (cont’d) • Digestive (J) & urinary (K) systems

  14. Chapter 2: The Body and Its Terminology

  15. Introduction • Learning terminology is integral part of proficiency • Study of human body involves scientific names for structures, locations, and physiological mechanisms • For manual therapists, medical terminology allows clear communication • Medical terminology is needed for understanding pathologies and scientific research

  16. Orientation to the Body • Anatomic position: standard body reference position used to navigate anatomical terminology

  17. Orientation to the Body (cont’d) • Body planes: used to describe location and position of structures (see Figure 2-2) • Sagittal plane: vertically divides body or part into right and left • Frontal (coronal) plane: vertically divides body or part into front and back • Transverse (horizontal) plane: horizontally divides body or part into top and bottom

  18. Orientation to the Body (cont’d) • Directional terms clearly communicate position of one body part in relation to another • Example: “the scar is superior and lateral to the left nostril” • Directional terms are easier to understand and remember in pairs of contrasting terms (see Figure 2-3)

  19. Key Directional Terms

  20. Key Directional Terms (cont’d)

  21. Orientation to the Body (cont’d) • Movement terminology describes how structures move in general and in relation to other parts • Movements on frontal plane move toward (adduction) or away from (abduction) midline • Movements on transverse plane move toward (horizontal adduction) or away from (horizontal abduction) midline • Movements on sagittal plane move toward front (flexion) or back (extension)

  22. Movement Terminology • Abduction and adduction

  23. Movement Terminology (cont’d) • Horizontal abduction and adduction

  24. Movement Terminology (cont’d) • Flexion and extension

  25. Movement Terminology (cont’d) • Rotation and circumduction

  26. Common Anatomical Terminology • Understanding terms important for study of body • Anatomical terminology describes location and relative position of structures more precisely • Manual therapists use medical language to communicate with health care community

  27. Prefixes, Suffixes, and Word Roots • Many anatomy and physiology terms formed by combining word roots, prefixes, and suffixes • Knowing common word parts makes it easier to understand complex terms • See Table 2-3 for common word parts used in manual therapies

  28. Body Regions • Regional terminology describes areas and divisions of body more precisely • See Table 2-4 and Figures 2-8 through 2-10 for common terms referring to body regions • Examples of regional terms: sternal, carpal, scapular, lumbar, gluteal, femoral, calcaneal, plantar

  29. Body Cavities • Four primary body cavities: ventral (anterior) or dorsal (posterior) - see Figure 2-11 • Ventral cavities: thoracic cavity (lungs and heart) and abdominopelvic cavity (organs within abdomen and pelvis) • Quadrant method and nine-region method used to subdivide abdominopelvic cavity (see Figure 2-12) • Dorsal cavities: cranial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity (spinal cord)

  30. Pathology Classifications and Terminology • Pathology: study of disease • Manual therapists should know commonly used classifications and terminology • See Table 2-5 for basic pathology terms • Examples: acute, chronic, contraindication, diagnosis, lesion, prognosis, sign, symptom

  31. Classifications of Disease • Diseases broadly classified by causes: • Infectious • Pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) • Environmental (e.g., cigarette smoke) • Hereditary (e.g., hemophilia) • Nutrition and lifestyle (e.g., dietary deficiencies)

More Related