1 / 19

Review Article

Review Article M ünte, T.F., Altenmüller, E., & Jäncke, L. (2002). The musician’s brain as a model of neuroplasticity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 3, 473-478. Group work reports Abstract Introduction Subtitles Conclusion Animations. Bonn, 21.01 .2008.

delora
Download Presentation

Review Article

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Review Article Münte, T.F., Altenmüller, E., & Jäncke, L. (2002). The musician’s brain as a model of neuroplasticity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 473-478 Group work reports Abstract Introduction Subtitles Conclusion Animations Bonn, 21.01.2008 YRG @ Department of EpileptologyUniversity of Bonn Medical Centre, Germany  christian.hoppe@ukb.uni-bonn.de

  2. Group work Composition examples • Results • Main findings for: • Group 1: Background Variables (p. 257) • Group 2: Background Variables (p. 258) • Group 3: Academic achievement (general and reading) • Group 4: Academic achievement (mathematics)

  3. Group work Composition examples • Discussion (Morrison et al. article): • Group 1: General and „Growth of Academic Skills“ 1st, 2nd, and 3rd paragraph • Group 2: „Growth of Academic Skills“, 4th and 5th paragraph • Group 3: „Question of Background Variables“ • Group 4: „Implications“ until „Educational Policy“

  4. Abstract Main points • Eliciting stimulus →→→→neural changes • Professional musicians: ideal model for plasticity • Music: • complexity of stimuli • exposure (practice) • reviewed point: brain differences in musicians via neuroimaging

  5. Introduction Main points • Experience shapes cortical representation: • temporal: refers to time • cortical: refers to cortex • Animal studies: training induced plastic changes • Hebbian learning: • presynaptic cell → repeated and persistant stimulation → postsyn. cell • increase in synaptic strength • Wikipedia: Assembly Theory

  6. Introduction Main points • Problem with animal studies: • lack of ecological validity (?) • stimuli limitations • Understanding human brain plasticity: • changes induced by defects • Music performance: • highly complex human endeavor • musical stimulus: complex, multidimensional, multidomain (multisensory) • Possible nature vs. nurture explanation

  7. Functional measures of plasticity Main points • String players: • Larger cortical representation of left hand fingers • Left hand (“fingering hand”) • Greater effect for early beginners • Adaptation to own instrument: • ↑ responses to own instrument tones • plastic changes due to practice

  8. Functional measures of plasticity Main points • Structural regularities of music • Pre-attentive detection of changes • MMN ↑ in professional musicians: • different facets of music • Auditory cortex shaping • Conductors’ advantage for spatial auditory processing

  9. Anatomical differences Main points • Planum temporale, anterior corpus callosum, primary hand motor area, cerebellum • Musicians vs. non-musicians: ↑ left planum temporale • Primary hand motor area: • negative correlation (?) (commencement of musical training and the size of the primary hand motor area)

  10. Anatomical differences Main points • Corpus callosum: • ↑ in musicians (especially if training started before 7 yrs of age) • enhanced interaction between the hemispheres: ↓ interhemispheric inhibition (?) • facilitation of bimanual coordination • Cerebellum: movement timing • VBM: ↑grey matter volume in musicians’ motor network

  11. Sensorimotor learning Main points • Phases of motor learning: • Consolidation (several hours) • Slow learning (gradual performance increase) • Tapping: • ↑ M1 activity in musicians within minutes: • effect of pre-practice experience • ↓ SMA activity in musicians: ↑ efficiency • Mental practice!

  12. Sensorimotor learning Main points • Audio-motor integration (cooperation): • Automatized in musicians • Apparent in non-musicians with 20 min. of training • The effect extended to a mere observation: • listening or viewing (auditory or visual) • monkey mirror neurons • Example ?

  13. Maladaptive plasticity Main points • „Musicians‘ cramp“ (focal dystonia) • Overuse → maladaptive neuroplasticity • Dedifferentiation of sensory feedback

  14. Musicians as a model? Main points • Neurobehavioural changes: • from several minutes to lifetime • Neuroplasticity: • new synapses • disinhibitions or inhibitions of neuronal connections • Commencement of early training: • grey and white matter volume changes • not pre-existing differences • parallel findings: London taxi drivers

  15. Conclusion Main points • Musician‘s brain: valuable model of neuroplasticity • Questions for future research: • training parameters? • the role of genes? • effect of emotional networks?

  16. Meeting after next Task Set up a study trying to answer the following questions: Group 1: music training parameters effect on the brain plasticity Group 2: the role of genes in the music facilitated brain plasticity Group 3: effect of emotional networks on music facilitated brain plasticity

  17. Next meeting Single study article Norton, A. et al. (2005). Are there pre-existing neural, cognitive, or motoric markers for musical ability? Brain and Cognition, 59, 124-134. Presentation (main points): Group 1: Introduction Group 2: Methods and results Group 3: Discussion

  18. Animated presentations Sites http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/animate.html Brain probe: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/brain/probe.html Map: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/organs/brainmap/index.shtml http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/dottime.html: reaction time test http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/boxes.html: boxes RT test

  19. Work group: Christian Hoppe Jelena Stojanovic Christian E. Elger Funded by Karg-Stiftung für Hochbegabtenförderung (Frankfurt/M.) YRG @ Department of EpileptologyUniversity of Bonn Medical Centre, Germany  christian.hoppe@ukb.uni-bonn.de

More Related