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The U.S. Homefront (Pt. 1)

The U.S. Homefront (Pt. 1). What was going on in the United States after the declaration of war?. Revving up the war effort. War Industries Board: an agency established during World War I to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war-related industries.

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The U.S. Homefront (Pt. 1)

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  1. The U.S. Homefront (Pt. 1) What was going on in the United States after the declaration of war?

  2. Revving up the war effort • War Industries Board: an agency established during World War I to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war-related industries. • Examples: Weapons, medical supplies,food. Set prices and what to produce “Victory Gardens:” Americans growing their own vegetables, making money in the process. Shipping of food to the Allies almost tripled. • Regulated the economy. Nationalized what goods are to be produced

  3. Specific regulations by the Government • Fuel Administration: rationing (to portion out) coal and gas to the public. Only a limited amount were given to each household. • “Lightless Nights, Gasless Sundays. • Implemented Daylight Savings time. Clocks adjusted to have longer lit evenings, shorter mornings • Railroad Adm: Managing price of railroad transportation

  4. Great Migration • Before and During WWI, many African-Americans were moving from the Southern States to the North. Why? • Move away from racial discrimination from the South (the lynchings, laws), though racial prejudice still existed in the North • Job Opportunities in steel mills, weapons factories, stockyards (labor shortage, factories were looking for workers) • Many African Americans greatly contributed to the war effort during WWI. • Over 2 million African Americans moved to the North. Painted by Jacob Lawrence in 1940, about the Great Migration.

  5. Women in the Workforce • Since the majority of men were drafted into the war, it caused a labor shortage • Women moved into jobs held by men: Railroad workers, bricklayers, building ships and weapons • “The Services of women during the supreme crisis have been of the most signal usefulness and distinction; it is high time that part of our debt should be acknowledged.”-Woodrow Wilson

  6. Civil Liberties During World War I

  7. Anti-Immigrant Stance • Foreign-born American citizens targeted because of their heritage. Especially Germans and Austro-Hungarians, • Had a good job and a German last name? Congrats, you’re fired. Rise of Anti-German hate. • Refusal to play German music. Beethoven, Mozart • Violence against German-Americans rose. Even lynching. • Even so far as to renaming things. • Hamburger= Liberty Sandwich, Salisbury Steak • Daschund= Liberty Pups

  8. Freedom of Speech Gone • Hate the war and showing it? Hate the Government? Congratulations, you have just been sent to jail! • Sedition Act (1918): Whoever…shall willfully utter, print, write, or publish any disloyal, profane, scurrilous (vulgar), or abusive language about the form of government,….Constitution…military or naval forces….flag, or the uniform of the Army or Navy of the United States…shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both.

  9. Freedom of Speech Gone • Espionage and Sedition (Treason) Acts: $10,000 fine, 20 years in jail for “interfering with the war effort or saying anything against the Government. • Over 2,000 people were prosecuted (tried) under these two acts

  10. Notorious Convictions (all on p.392) • Eugene V. Debs (Socialist): 10 years for speaking out against the war and the draft • Emma Goldman: $10,000 fine and 2 years in jail for organizing the No Conscription (draft) League (She was later deported to Russia when she was free) • Charles Schenck: Spoke out against the draft through leaflets (comparing it to slavery). The Supreme Court heard the case, ruled that “under wartime conditions, the words in the leaflets were not protected by the right to free speech.” • William Haywood, Founder of Industrial Workers of the World (IWW). His organization was accused of sabotaging the war effort by encouraging workers to strike for better working conditions (skipped out on bail, left for Russia). Eugene Emma Debs Goldman

  11. Is free speech still being tested today?

  12. In Front of you….. Read the article in front of you. In your notebooks, answer the following questions: • Who was arrested? How come? • What was Sheehan attempting to promote? • What do you think about this. Do you believe she was rightfully arrested? Why or why not?

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