Chapter 6 Challenges to Effective Policing

1. Chapter 6 Challenges to Effective Policing

2. Learning Outcomes LO1: Identify the differences between the police academy and field training as learning tools for recruits. LO2: List the three primary purposes of police patrol. LO3: Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes. LO4: Determine when police offices are justified in using deadly force. LO5: Explain what an ethical dilemma is and name four categories of ethical dilemmas typically facing a police officer.

3. Identify the differences between the police academy and field training as learning tools for recruits.

4. Learning Outcome 1 • How Does Someone Become a Police Officer? • Basic Requirements • U.S. Citizen • No felony convictions • Valid Driver’s License • Minimum 21 years of age • Weight and eyesight requirements

5. Learning Outcome 1 • How Does Someone Become a Police Officer? • Beyond Minimum Requirements • Background checks • Educational, military and driving records • Credit checks • Interviews with spouses, acquaintances, former employers • Background search • Polygraph

6. Learning Outcome 1 • How Does One Become a Police Officer? • Educational Requirements • Probationary Period

7. Learning Outcome 1 • How Does One Become a Police Officer? • The training period • Academy training • Field Training

8. Learning Outcome 1 • What is the difference between a police officer and an inspector? • What does the job of an inspector involve

9. Video: Inspector- SFPD

10. List the three primary purposes of police patrol.

11. Learning Outcome 2 • How Do Police Officer’s Fight Crime? • Police on patrol: The backbone of the department • The purpose of patrol • Deterrence • Maintenance • Services • Community concerns

12. Learning Outcome 2 • Why is it hard to define a typical day for a police officer? • What kind of problem solving do police officers engage in?

13. Video: Crime Fighting

14. Learning Outcome 2 • How Do Police Officer’s Fight Crime? • Police on patrol: The backbone of the department • Patrol activities • Preventive patrol • Calls for service • Administrative duties • Officer-initiated activities • “Noise, booze, and violence”

15. Learning Outcome 2 • How Do Police Officer’s Fight Crime? • Police investigations • Detectives in action • Aggressive investigation strategies • Clearance rates and cold cases

16. Describe how forensic experts use DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.

17. CAREERPREP Forensic Scientist Job Description: • Examine, test, and analyze tissue samples, chemical substances, physical materials, and ballistics evidence collected at a crime scene. • Testify as an expert witness on evidence or laboratory techniques in criminal trials. What Kind of Training Is Required ? • A bachelor’s degree in science, particularly chemistry, biology, biochemistry, or physics. • Certification programs (usually two years’ additional study) can help prospective applicants specialize as forensic consultants, fingerprint technicians, forensic investigators, and laboratory technicians. Annual Salary Range? $25,100–$65,000 For additional information, visit: www.aafs.org.

18. How Do Police Officer’s Fight Crime? Forensic investigations and DNA Crime scene forensics Trace evidence Ballistics Fingerprints Bloodstain pattern analysis The DNA revolution DNA in action Learning Outcome 3

19. Learning Outcome 3 • How has impacted the implementation of the death penalty? • Should DNA evidence be examined prior to execution of an offender?

20. Video: DNA & the Death Penalty

21. Learning Outcome 3 • How Do Police Prevent Crime? • Patrol Strategies • Incident driven policing • General and directed patrol • Hot spots and crime mapping

23. Learning Outcome 3 • How Do Police Prevent Crime? • Arrest Strategies • Reactive arrests • Proactive arrests • Broken windows theory

24. Learning Outcome 3 • How Do Police Prevent Crime? • Community policing • Solving problems • Problem-oriented policing

25. Learning Outcome 3 • What are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer? • Police Subculture • Socialization

26. Learning Outcome 3 • What are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer? • The physical and mental dangers of police work • Physical harm • Mental pressure and stress

27. Determine when police offices are justified in using deadly force.

28. Learning Outcome 4 • What are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer? • Authority and the Use of Force • The Phoenix Study • Types of force • Nondeadly force • Reasonable force • Deadly force

29. Use of Force Matrix

30. Learning Outcome 4 • What are the Challenges of Being a Police Officer? • The United States Supreme Court and Use of Force • Tennessee v. Garner (1985) • Graham v. Conner (1989)

31. Explain what an ethical dilemma is and name four categories of ethical dilemmas typically facing a police officer.

32. Learning Outcome 5 • How Important is Ethics in Policing? • Types of Police Corruption: • Bribery • Payoffs • Direct criminal activity

33. Learning Outcome 5 • How Important is Ethics in Policing? • Ethical dilemmas • Elements of ethics • Discretion • Duty • Honesty • Loyalty

34. CAREERPREP Fish and Wildlife Service Officer Job Descript ion: • Protect the integrity of America’s natural habitat by policing the millions of acres of public land in this country, including wildlife refuges, fish hatcheries, waterfowl management areas, and wetland districts. • Investigate wildlife crimes, particularly the illegal hunting, poaching, and sale of federally protected resources such as endangered species, migratory birds, marine mammals, and species of international concern. What Kind of Training Is Required ? • Completion of an eighteen-week basic Land Management Police Training Academy course, a two-week Refuge Officer Basic School course, and a ten-week Field Training and Evaluation Program. • The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service offers students summer jobs that provide the experience necessary for a career in this field, with either a federal or a state agency. Annual Salary Range? $27,000–$53,200 For additional information, visit: www.fws.gov/jobs/wwd--law.html.