Italian Language and Culture

1. Italian Language and Culture Past and Present

2. Architecture • Roman architectural idioms of arches, columns and domes - foundations of later Italian architecture • The Romanesque style (9th to 11th century) • The Renaissance style (the late 14th to the 16th c) • The baroque style and Palladianism (16th - 17th c) • Neoclassical style (18th -19th c)

3. Architecture • Romanesque because plenty of Roman architectural elements were used - Roman arches, stained glass and carved columns. • Bitono, Bari, Puglia

4. Architecture • Roman Arches • Stained glass

5. Architecture • The Renaissance • The revival of the ‘golden age’ - ancient Rome • Fillipo Brunelleschi built the largest dome for the Florence cathedral since Roman times.

6. Architecture • Basillica di Sant’Andrea at Mantua designed by Leon Battista Alberti

7. Architecture • Basilica di San Pietroat Rome designed by Michelangelo and Bramante

8. Architecture • Paradianism Buildings by Andrea Palladio • La Rotonda in Vicenza (1570)

9. Square building which looks the same from every side. At the centre there is a dome. On every side there is a portico like a Roman temple.

10. Architecture • 16 July, ErezGolani Solomon • The Ideal Villa: Legacy of Andrea Palladio

11. Literature • Italian literature; literature written in the Italian language since the 14 th century. • Written in Latin before • Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) • The Divine Comedy (1304-7)

12. Literature • Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vitami ritrovai per una selva oscura,ché la diritta via era smarrita • In the middle of the journey of our lifeI found myself in a dark wood,for the straight way was lost.

13. Literature • Francesco Petrarch • Completed ‘sonnet’ form – 14 lines with distinctive rhyming patterns • Love sonnets • Influenced on all European poets

14. Literature • Giovanni Boccacio • Decameron (1348-53) a prose collection of 100 stories told by 10 narrators

15. Drama • Comedia del arte – a form of theatre characterized by masked ‘types’ begun in the 16 th century • Emergence of actress, improvised performance based on sketches or scnearios.

16. Drama • 18 June Takeo Fujikura • Italian Mime and Clown: Comedia del Arte

17. Literauture • Gabrielle D’Annunzio • Man of action, nationalist, literary virtuoso, aesthete, and exhibitionist • Life and art was a blend of Jacob Burckhardt’s ‘complete man’ and Nietzsche’s ‘superman’

18. Literature • Yukio Mishima enormously influenced by D’Annunzio not only in literature but also in life • Nationalist, aesthete, exhibitionist, and literary virtuoso.

19. Literature • Literary connection between Italy and Japan • Love of translated literature in Italy • Over the half of the fictions published are translations • 16 April Alessandro Gerevini, The Reception of Japanese Fictions in Italy

20. Literature • Italo Calvino (1923 Cuba – 1985 Siena) Journalist, short-story writer and novelist • Imaginative and whimsical fables made him one of the most important 20 th century writer. • 4 June, Italian Fairy Tales and Italo Calvino

21. Art • Giotto – the first artist who painted people, nature and action realistically. • In the frescos in churches of Assisi, Florence, Padua and Rome, he created life like figures showing real emotions

22. Giotto

23. Giotto

24. Giotto

25. Art • The Renaissance (from the late 1400s to the early 1500s) dominated by Michelangelo, Raphael and Leonardo. • Michelangelo; sculptor, painter, and poet • The greatest sculptor in history • Master of portraying the human figure

26. Michelangelo

27. Michelangelo

28. Michelangelo

29. Michelangelo

30. Michelangelo

31. Raphael • Raphael’s paintings are softer, gentler, more poetic, and harmonious. • Impeccable composition and perfect perspective • Delicate ‘Madonna’ paintings with young Jesus and his cousin John the Baptist

32. Raphael

33. Raphael

34. Raphael

35. Raphael

36. Raphael

37. Leonardo • Leonardo, painter and natural scientist • He embodied the Renaissance spirit of learning and intellectual curiosity

38. Leonardo

39. Leonardo

40. Leonardo

41. Art • Michelangelo di Meresi da Caravaggio • Baroque paintings combine the realistic observation of human state, both physical and emotional, with dramatic use of lighting

42. Caravaggio • 14 May, Norimasa Morita, Michelangelo Meresi da Caravaggio: a Revolutionary Artist

43. Art • Italian modernist art in the early 20th century • Giorgio di Chirico • Futurism • Metaphysical Art • 7 May, Helena Chapkova, Italian Modernist Art

44. Music • Italian music – one of Europe’s supreme expressions of the art • Gregorian chants – the innovation of modern musical notation in the 11th century • Dies irae – the Second Coming of Christ and Judgement

45. Music • Troubadour and the madrigal • Palestrina’s polyphonic church music and Monteverdi’s religious and secular music and operas • Great Italian music tradition

46. Music • Italian Baroque music • Creation of rich tonality, elaborate musical ornamentation, new instrumental playing techniques • Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Corelli, Marcello • Oboe concerto

47. Music • Italy – birth place of opera • Opera was born around 1600 combination of singing, acting, orchestral music, acting and dance • Recitativo (dialogue) and aria (song)

48. Music • Opera of the Golden Age • Opera of Romantic Period in the 19th c • Gioacchino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti & Giacomo Puccini • La Boheme; Duet

49. Music • Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) • 23 April, SeishiroNiwa Social Background of the Birth of Opera • Aida, Triumphant March