130 likes | 322 Views
Student Affairs and Women’s Equity: Where Are We Now?. Nona Robinson (nona.robinson@utoronto.ca) Melissa Calder ( mcalder@utsc.utoronto.ca ) University of Toronto. Context.
E N D
Student Affairs and Women’s Equity: Where Are We Now? Nona Robinson (nona.robinson@utoronto.ca) Melissa Calder (mcalder@utsc.utoronto.ca ) University of Toronto
Context Student affairs deals with a wide array of important equity-related issues, both institutionally, and with students. Quite often, however, women’s equity is no longer at the forefront.
Context: Women in higher ed • Divisions between academic feminism/second wave feminism/third wave feminism. • Specific women’s issues addressed but not always in the context of broader social change. • As in society, women have broken into many fields but there is still a glass ceiling, e.g. stats of women in senior administration, full professors. • Ivory tower “bubble” phenomenon; what happens to young women after they leave university?
Selected chronology of women in higher education • 1862 · Universities in the Maritime provinces were the first to admit women as students: Mount Allison in New Brunswick in 1862, Acadia University in Nova Scotia in 1880, and Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia in 1881. • 1901 · Of the 857 professors listed in the census, only 47 were women (under 2%). • 1921 · Women were 16% of the total number of undergraduates enrolled in Canadian universities. Women professors were 15% of the total number of professors. • 1961 · Women comprised a small proportion of various non-traditional professions in Canada: 0.25% of engineers were women; 2.64% were lawyers; 4.49% were dentists; 7.33% were physicians. • 1969 · Women were 36% of the university undergraduate population and 13% of the total number of university professors (a decrease of 2% from 1921). • 1981 · 47% of university undergraduates were women and 37% were at the graduate level. Women were starting to enter the fields of business, engineering, medicine and law in greater numbers. • 1986 · Women represented 36% of law school graduates. Women represented 5.3% of all partners of law firms. The number of female Crown Attorneys increased from 0.85% to 17.8%; 3% of judges in Canada were women. • 1991/92 54% of university students were women, up from 40% in 1972-1973. • 2004: Women make up 56% of undergraduates, 51% of graduate students (46% of doctoral students). [Full and part-time] From http://tdi.uregina.ca/~maguirec/chron.html and Statistics Canada
Example: University of Toronto Women in 2004 • Full time undergraduate: 56.9% (52.6% in 1994) • Full time graduate: 53.8% (45.5% in 1994) • Undergraduate Engineering/Applied Science: 25% • Tenure/tenure-stream full-time faculty: 29.3% • Rank of Professor: 19.3%
Women in student affairs • Student affairs is a “helping profession” and has a high proportion of women. • In 2002, half the identified CSAOs in Canada who were CACUSS members were women. • Often, student affairs is at the margins of college/university planning and policy-setting. • Women’s equity is often issue-based (e.g. safety programs)
Some student affairs issues related to gender equity: Gender roles Women’s safety Stereotyping Sex/Reproduction Sex Sexuality Cultural relativism Student representation Family care Society/culture Inequity in academics Silencing Glass ceiling Family care Marginalisation of women’s equity Communication with younger feminists
What issues or challenges have we, individually, faced? How do they affect our students?What can we do about them?
Some resources and references • Canadian Federation of University Women: http://www.cfuw.org/ • Chronology of women in higher educationhttp://tdi.uregina.ca/~maguirec/chron.html • NASPA: WISA (Women In Student Affairs) http://www.naspa.org/communities/kc/community.cfm?kcid=12 • Feminist Theory http://www.cddc.vt.edu/feminism/edu.html • WERC - Women's Educational Resource Centre http://www1.oise.utoronto.ca/cwse/wer.html What does feminism mean to you? http://www1.oise.utoronto.ca/cwse/resources.html • Mentoring and Coalition Building http://faculty.law.ubc.ca/cfls/ • New Canadian Mentoring Modelhttp://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/cfsi-icse/cil-cai/magazine/1205/magazine-en.asp?txt=3-2&lv=3 • Status of Women Mentoring Program - UThttp://status-women.utoronto.ca/mentoring.html • Institutional Women’s Studies programs and Women’s Centres
Further reading … Blackhurst, A.E. (2000). Career Satisfaction and perceptions of sex discrimination among women student affairs professionals. NASPA Journal Vo. 27, no. 2. pp. 399-413. Blackhurst, A.E., Brandt, J.E., Kalinowski, J. (1998). Effects of Career Development on the Organizational Commitment and Life Satisfaction of Women Student Affairs. Administrators. NASPA Journal Vol. 36 no. 1, pp. 19-34. Fried, J. (1994). Different voices : gender and perspective in student affairs administration. Washington, DC: NASPA.