The Milan Glosses Project: a lexicon and digital database*

1. The Milan Glosses Project: a lexicon and digital database* www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/download/projekte/milan.htm Aaron Griffith University of Vienna aaron.griffith@univie.ac.at

2. Introduction • Main Project Goals • To create a lexicon of the forms in the Milan Glosses • To create a searchable electronic database of the same • Subsidiary Goals • To produce an electronic version of the Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus text of the Milan Glosses • To correct mistakes found in the Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus

3. Status of the Project • Main Project Goals • lexicon of the forms in the Milan Glosses • In progress • searchable electronic database of the same • Finished (corrections under way) • Subsidiary Goals • electronic version of the Thes. Pal. Text • finished • correct mistakes in Thes. Pal. • finished

4. Plan of the Talk • Presentation of the electronic database • Brief introduction to the database • Demonstration of features / capabilities • Show corrections to Thes Pal. • Online corrections • Offline corrections • Show new glosses / improved readings

5. Timetable for Publication • On-line Database • End of the year • Warning: still has errors!! • Correction work ongoing throughout 2012 • Lexicon • To be sent to publisher in 2012 • Creating the lemmata will serve as basis for corrections to the on-line database

6. The database(s) • Main database • basic unit is the word or morpheme • one entry for every form • contains grammatical analysis and various other information • Dictionary database • basic unit is the lemma (dictionary headword) • one entry for every lemma in the main database • Gloss database • basic unit is the gloss number • one entry for each gloss (after Thesaurus numbering, though with some changes!!)

7. The Database (I) • Starting with the Gloss List database • Simply lists all the glosses with translation • Is a limited version of the Gloss Database • The Gloss database • A different display of the glosses (one at a time) • Contains additional information • Text Notes (misreadings or difficult spots) • Translation Notes (Irish and Latin at odds; difficult or confusing spots) • Latin Text (more complete than Thes Pal) • Notes on the Latin (missing Latin Glosses) • Table of analyzed Forms for the gloss

8. Gloss 102a15

9. The Database (II) • The Main Database • has most of the data from “Gloss” database • includes the analysis of single forms • Mention dictionary table lower right • The Dictionary Database

10. The database (III) • Useful for searches • u-stem and i-stem genitives • find -o or -a • Useful for sorting • find deponent verbs • sort by headword

11. Corrections (I) • Many corrections of Thes Pal are clear from the facsimile, but most are minor: • accent indicated incorrectly (e.g. 025d10) • .i. missing or erroneously present (e.g. 040b15) • single letter wrongly printed (e.g. 080c09) • wrongly attached gloss (e.g. 103a10)

12. Misplaced accent (025d10) • Thes Pal .i. induine arároét deacht

13. Missing .i. (040b15) • Thes Pal remcaissen

14. Wrong Letter (080c09) • Thes Pal .i. connaconrabae ní roscrutais

15. Wrongly attached gloss (103a10) • Gloss is with promisione, not obligari, as in Ascoli and Thes Pal.

16. Corrections (II) • Some corrections are more substantive: • Forgotten word(s) (e.g. ocus from 102a15) • Misinterpretation important for analysis (e.g. 030b02, 069a04) • Sometimes it is a judgment call about what to do (e.g. 085b17) • These corrections are online for download: www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/download/projekte/milan.htm

17. Interpretation of 030b02 • Ml. 30b2 (Thesaurus reading): .i. duaidbetar atafiriensom 7atandirgi hochridiu allethe rissan ingraim atarograinn saul intan asmbeirrectos corde • Translation: i.e. when he says rectos corde they are shown to be just and to be upright in [their] heart as to the persecution wherewith Saul persecuted them.

18. The Manuscript at Milan 30b2

19. Interpretation of 030b02 Corrections (both in Ascoli): du·aidbdetar for du·aidbetar in the Thesaurus ata·roigrainn for ata·rograinn in the Thesaurus Further problems: For allethe “as far as, as concerns”, alleth is usually found (acc sg of nt leth “side”) For rissan (acc sg of fri + acc sg nt article), frissan is usually found (cf. McCone, Ériu 36 on rissan as a Middle Irishism)

20. Interpretation of 030b02 • Explanation (suggested by David Stifter): MS actually reads alleth frissan! • MS is smudged, but the letter appears to be more like an f than an e. • Line break occurs after the letter, confusing earlier scholars, since lethe is the gen sg of leth. • Corrected reading makes perfect sense and allows easy interpretation of two otherwise difficult forms.

21. 069a04 • Ascoli: isfrisremeperthiu • Thes Pal: is[na] frisremeperthiu “it is the aforesaid”

22. 069a04 • Actual Text: is[ind] fersremeperthiu “in the aforementioned verse”

23. A judgment call 085b17 dauid .i. is nomen lesom oriens du dudia

24. A judgment call 085b17 • Thes Pal: .i. is nomen lesom oriens dudia • Ascoli: .i. is nomen lesom oriens dano dudia • Latin: Deum omnia {elimenta} præcidentem [leg. præcedentem]16 orientem uocauit17 • Translation: “he (David) called God preceding all (elements) ‘Oriens’.” • Both Ascoli’s and Thes Pal’s suggestions have merit and both require emending the text. What is right?

25. Glosses not found in Thes Pal • Thes Pal forgot one gloss: • 013d01: inmaith andubso amne • In a footnote in Ascoli • Neither Ascoli nor Thes Pal had others: • 032d24a nowhere: interrogatiuus dano • 082c09 nowhere: forcanar • 088d06a nowhere: .i. inegipt

26. Forgotten gloss 013d01

27. New gloss 032d24a

28. New Gloss 082c09

29. New Gloss 088d06a

30. Corrections based on UV Light • In some cases, examining the manuscript in Milan under UV light allowed new readings. • Frequently minor: • 019c12 • Sometimes more substantive: • 044c20, 037c16

31. UV Light Corrections: 019c12 • Thes Pal: • óndforcunn dúthrach[tach] • “by the desired end” • MS: • hondforcunn dúthrach[tach]

32. UV Light Corrections: 044c20 • Ascoli: amal dunthlaichiursa cucut a dæ ar….d:thufortacht·· • Thes Pal: .i. amal dunthlaichiursa cucut a dæ ar(duai)d thufortacht • “i.e. as I ask of You (sg), O God, says David, Your (sg) help.”

33. 044c20 (continued) • Reading under UV light: • .i. amal dunthluichiursa cucut a dæ ærren dam thuforacht [leg. ærrend dam thufortacht].. • i.e. as I ask You, a preeminent God, to help me.

34. 037c16 • Thes Pal: • las(e) .i. e…im…th donemadath(ir) mani cathaiged occa ali sisa (?) inna cestae sin les dominus pars rl. • Their conjecture: • lase .i. ce immurgu cruth donemad athir mani cathaiged occa· isí alisis inna cestae sin les...

35. 037c16 • Thes Pal restoration: • lase .i. ce immurgu cruth donemad athir mani cathaiged occa· isí alisis inna cestae sin les... • Translation: • “when, i.e. or how could he defend his land if he did not fight in doing so? This is his λύσις of that question, to wit, Dominus pars etc.”

36. 037c16 • My reading (under UV light): • .i. amal ba(d) n-ex hoc ::um c::th donemadathir mani cathaiged occae is si íc inna cestae sin les dominus pars rl. • My restoration: • .i. amal ba(d) n-ex hoc (uers)u in c(ru)th donemadathir mani cathaiged occae [leg. occa] is si íc inna cestae sin les dominus pars rl.

37. 037c16 • My restoration: • .i. amal ba(d) n-ex hoc (uers)u in c(ru)th do·n-emad a thir mani·cathaiged occae [leg. occa] is si íc inna cestae sin les dominus pars rl. • Translation: • i.e. as if it were from this verse: how could he have defended his land if he had not fought for it. This is the solution to that question for him: Dominus pars etc.

38. Thank you!