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HEP03

HEP03. Advanced Neutrino Beams. Rob Edgecock RAL. Decay ring Brho = 1500 Tm B = 5 T L ss = 2500 m. SPL. SPS. Decay Ring. ISOL target & Ion source. Cyclotrons. Storage ring and fast cycling synchrotron. PS. Candidates……. Conventional super beam. Neutrino Factory. Beta beam.

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HEP03

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  1. HEP03 Advanced Neutrino Beams Rob Edgecock RAL

  2. Decay ring Brho = 1500 Tm B = 5 T Lss = 2500 m SPL SPS Decay Ring ISOL target & Ion source Cyclotrons Storage ring and fast cycling synchrotron PS Candidates……. • Conventional super beam • Neutrino Factory • Beta beam

  3. Outline • Introduction • Proton driver • Target and capture • Muon frontend • Acceleration • Storage ring • Conclusions • Emphasis on problems and R&D to be done • Discussion of options being considered

  4. Neutrino Factory! Introduction • Idea for a Neutrino Factory: muon collider • Concept of a muon collider: Tinlot (1960), Tikhonin (1968), Budker (1969), Skrinsky (1971) Neuffer (1979) • Many advantages over electron collider: • But…….luminosity! • Fast cooling technique – ionisation cooling – invented 1981: Skrinsky and Parkhomchuk • Another problem…….neutrino radiation! Enough neutrinos to be a problem Must be enough to do physics

  5. Muon Collider Three stage scenario: Neutrino Factory Higgs Factory Muon Collider Recently, much interest in Neutrino Factory alone. 5 different layouts: BNL CERN FNAL J-PARCRAL

  6. RAL Layout RAL Neutrino Factory layout

  7. Proton Driver • Main requirements: 4 MW beam power* 1 ns bunch length 50Hz • Two types: Linac RCS • Range of energies: 2.2 to 50 GeV • R&D: HIPPI * = F1 GP

  8. Proton Driver 30 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron in the ISR tunnel

  9. Proton Driver CERN Super-conducting Proton Linac

  10. Super Conducting magnet for n beam line Near n detectors @280m and @~2km 1021POT(130day)≡ “1 year” Most advanced……J-PARC (0.77MW) J-PARC Facility JAERI@Tokai-mura (60km N.E. of KEK) Construction 2001～2006 (approved)

  11. JHF Plan to start in 2007 Kobayashi Kamioka ~1GeV n beam JAERI (Tokaimura) Super-K: 22.5 kt Hyper-K: 1000 kt 0.77MW 50 GeV PS 4MW 50 GeV PS ( conventional n beam) Phase-I (0.77MW + Super-Kamiokande) Phase-II (4MW+Hyper-K) ~ Phase-I 200

  12. Far Det. Decay Pipe q Decay Pipe Horns Target Focusing Devices Proton Beam Target m nm p,K Beam Dump JHF Superbeam “Conventional” neutrino beam Kobayashi “Off-axis”

  13. Target Many difficulties: enormous power density lifetime problems pion capture Stationary target: Replace target between bunches: Liquid mercury jet or rotating solid target Proposed rotating tantalum target ring CERN RAL

  14. Liquid Mercury Tests Tests with a proton beam at BNL. • Proton power 16kW in 100ns Spot size 3.2 x 1.6 mm • Hg jet - 1cm diameter; 3m/s 0.0ms 0.5ms 1.2ms 1.4ms 2.0ms 3.0ms Dispersal velocity ~10m/s, delay ~40s

  15. 1cm Magnet Tests Tests with a 20T magnet at Grenoble. Mercury jet (v=15 m/s) B = 0T B = 18T Jet deflection Reduction in velocity Reduction in radius Smoothing

  16. Pion Capture 20T 1.25T

  17. Horn Capture Current of 300 kA p To decay channel Protons B = 0 Hg target B1/R

  18. Target Facility

  19. Pion Production Experiments Data taking: 2001-2002 Proton energy: 2-15 GeV Targets: H2-Pb 2, 5, 100% Xo X-section to few % Optimise beam energy and target material for NF The Hadron Production Experiment

  20. Pion Production Experiments Data-taking: 2003-200? Proton energy: 5-120 GeV Targets: NuMI Be, C, H2, N2, Be, C, Cu, Pb Re-use existing detectors Main Injector Particle Production Experiment

  21. Phase Rotation Beam after drift plus adiabatic buncher – Beam is formed into string of ~ 200MHz bunches Beam after ~200MHz rf rotation; Beam is formed into string of equal-energy bunches; matched to cooling rf acceptance

  22. Transverse Cooling • Cooling  >10 increase in muon flux • Existing techniques can’t be used  ionsation cooling beam in • Cooling is delicate balance: beam out

  23. Transverse Cooling • Cooling cells are complex • R&D essential: MuCool, MuScat and MICE

  24. Main advantages: shorter longitudinal cooling S = solenoid, A = absorber, 36 cavities in blocks of 3 RAL Ring • Main problem: kicker! RFOFO Ring Quadrupole Ring Tetra Ring Transverse Cooling • Recent development: ring coolers

  25. MuScat • Measurement of muon multiple scattering: only relevant data – e- scattering, Russia, 1942 • Input for cooling simulations and MICE • First (technical) run at TRIUMF summer 2000, M11 beam • Run2: April 2003

  26. MuCool • Design, prototype, test all cooling cell components • High beam-power test of a cooling cell • Preparations for MICE • NCRF cavities with sufficient gradient in multi-T fields • Be windows • Up to kW power deposition in absorbers • Safety considerations • Low non-absorber thickness in beam: - Absorber windows - Safety windows - RF windows • Cost effective design and construction

  27. MuCool Absorber window development 200MHz cavity development MuCool Test Area

  28. MuCool Original area Stage 2 construction What it will look like when it is finished

  29. MICE MICE Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment SC Solenoids; Spectrometer, focus pair, compensation coil Liquid H2 absorbers or LiH ? 201 MHz RFcavities T.O.F. I & II Pion /muon ID precise timing Tracking devices: He filled TPC-GEM (similar to TESLA R&D) or sci-fi Measurement of momentum angles and position T.O.F. III Precise timing Electron ID Eliminate muons that decay

  30. MICE Muon Acceleration • Needs to be fast – muon lifetime • Needs to be a reasonable cost – not linacs all the way • Baseline: Recirculating Linear Accelerators • Other possibilities……FFAGs & VRCS

  31. MICE FFAGs • Fixed Field Alternating Gradient  magnets not ramped • Cheaper/faster RLAs/RCSs • Large momentum acceptance • Large transverse acceptance  less cooling required!

  32. MICE FFAGs Proof Of Principle machine built and tested in Japan. 50keV to 500keV in 1ms. 150MeV FFAG under construction at KEK.

  33. MICE FFAGs

  34. Staging in Japan Staging Physics outcomes at each stage • High Power Proton Driver • Muon g-2 • Muon Factory (PRISM) • Muon LFV • Muon Factory-II (PRISM-II) • Muon EDM • Neutrino Factory • Based on 1 MW proton beam • Neutrino Factory-II • Based on 4.4 MW proton beam • Muon Collider

  35. MICE FFAGs R&D: • Injection and extraction • Magnets – 10-20 GeV ring (120m radius): 6T SC • RF – low frequency (6.5MHz), 1MV/m

  36. MICE VRCS • Fastest existing RCS: ISIS at 50Hz  20ms • Proposal: accelerate in 37s  4.6kHz • Do it 30 times a second • 920m circumference for 4 to 20 GeV Combined function magnets 100micron laminations of grain oriented silicon steel 18 magnets, 20T/m Eddy currents iron: 100MW  350kW Eddy currents cu : 170kW RF: 1.8GV @ 201MHz; 15MV/m Muons: 12 orbits, 83% survival

  37.  15 degrees for straight sections MICE Storage Ring Main requirement: underground lab(s) at large distances Longyearbyen ~ 3520km Pyhasalmi ~ 2290km Tenerife ~ 2750km

  38. MICE Conclusions • Neutrino oscillations: one of most important physics results • Many new experiments conceived • New beam neutrino facilities required : - Superbeams - Neutrino Factory - Beta beams • All require extensive R&D • For Neutrino Factory: - proton driver - target - frontend (MuCool, MICE) - acceleration • World Design Study (WDS1) planned

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