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Cartoon Wars: An Application of Hall’s Theory to Social Constructs of the Enemy

Cartoon Wars: An Application of Hall’s Theory to Social Constructs of the Enemy. By Meg Frechette. introduction. “Good Guy” v. “Bad Guy” How is this idea constructed? The power of propaganda during war. Constructed enemy versus Reality. research question.

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Cartoon Wars: An Application of Hall’s Theory to Social Constructs of the Enemy

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  1. Cartoon Wars:An Application of Hall’s Theory to Social Constructs of the Enemy By Meg Frechette

  2. introduction • “Good Guy” v. “Bad Guy” • How is this idea constructed? • The power of propaganda during war. • Constructed enemy versus Reality

  3. research question How do does the United States construct their enemy in political cartoons during times of war and what are the implications of this construct?

  4. literature review: wars • WWI (1914-1918) U.S, France, U.K, Russia, Italy. versus Germany, Austia-Hungry, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria • WWII (1939-1945) U.S, British Empire, U.S.S.R, (China) versus Germany, Japan, Italy • Vietnam (1959-1975) U.S., Republic of Vietnam (S. Vietnam) versus Democratic Republic of Vietnam (N. Vietnam) • Iraq (2003-Present) U.S., Multi-National Force, UN Assistance Mission, NATO Training Mission, Iraq (post-Saddam Hussein), Turkey versus Iraq (under Saddam Hussein), al-Qaeda in Iraq, Islamis Army of Iraq, Baath Party Loyalists, Insurgent Groups

  5. literature review:cartoons Harry Katz(2004) • William Hogarth – 1700s • Benjamin Franklin “Join or Die” (1757) • Great Depression • Current Day Cartoonists

  6. literature review:propaganda and the enemy Sam Keen (1986) • Propaganda meant to Paralyze Thought • Cultural Differences • Reality of Enemy

  7. theory: Stuart Hall (1996) • How Nation constructs identity • Narrative of the nation • Origins, continuity, tradition, and timelessness • Invention of tradition • Foundational myth • Pure, original people, or ‘folk’ • Shaped by those in power

  8. methodology: • Historical Content Analysis • Gathered From Online Search • “Vietnam political cartoons” or “WWI editorial cartoons” • Cartoons Collected: • Iraq – 119 • Vietnam – 54 • WWII – 48 • WWI – 19 • Coding Sheet • Strengths and Weaknesses

  9. findings: • Weapons Present • Tone • Mocked or Feared • Humanized v. Dehumanized • Group v. Individual

  10. discussion:weapons and tone

  11. discussion:humanized v. dehumanized

  12. discussion:dehumanized

  13. discussion:group v. individual V.

  14. conclusion and further research • Enemy is merely construct to create unity • “Them” v. “Us” • Need to reinforce cultural awareness

  15. Questions?

  16. discussion:humanized

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