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SOAP vs REST

Dec 7, 2007. SOAP vs REST. Can you read this? If not, please sit closer. Thank you. XML RPC (1998). Request <?xml version="1.0"?> < methodCall > < methodName > doSomeWork </ methodName > < params > < param > <value>< int >40</ int ></value> </ param > < param >

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SOAP vs REST

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  1. Dec 7, 2007 SOAP vs REST Can you read this? If not, please sit closer. Thank you.

  2. XML RPC (1998) • Request • <?xml version="1.0"?> • <methodCall> • <methodName>doSomeWork</methodName> • <params> • <param> • <value><int>40</int></value> • </param> • <param> • <value><double>-12.53</double></value> • </param> • </params> • </methodCall> • Response • <?xml version="1.0"?> • <methodResponse> • <params> • <param> • <value> • <array> • <data> • <value><dateTime.iso8601>19980717T14:08:55</dateTime.iso8601></value> • <value><string>Something here</string></value> • </data> • </array> • </value> • </param> • </params> • </methodResponse>

  3. Early SOAP (2000) “section 5 encoding” • <?xml version="1.0"?> • <soap-env:envelope • soap-env:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:soap-env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" • xmlns:soap-enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema" • xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance"> • <soap-env:header> • ... • </soap-env:header> • <soap-env:body> • <m:doSomeWork xmlns:m="http://www.lab49.com/"> • <foo xsi:type="xsd:int">40</foo> • <bar>-12.53</bar> • </m:doSomeWork> • </soap-env:body> • </soap-env:envelope> • <?xml version="1.0"?> • <soap-env:Envelope • soap-env:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:soap-env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" • xmlns:soap-enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema" • xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance"> • <soap-env:body> • <m:doSomeWorkResponse xmlns:m="http://www.lab49.com/"> • <soap-enc:array soap-enc:arrayType="xsd:ur-type[2]"> • <baz xsi:type="xsd:int">12345</baz> • <quux xsi:type="xsd:string">Something here</quux> • </soap-enc:array> • </m:doSomeWorkResponse> • </soap-env:Body> • </soap-env:Envelope>

  4. SOAP fancy encoding rules References: <e:Book> <title>My Life and Work</title> <author href="#Person-1"/></e:Book> <e:Person id="Person-1"> <name>Henry Ford</name> <address href="#Address-2"/></e:Person> <e:Address id="Address-2">  <email>mailto:henryford@hotmail.com</email> <web>http://www.henryford.com</web></e:Address> Sparse arrays: <SOAP-ENC:Array SOAP-ENC:arrayType="xsd:string[,][4]"> <SOAP-ENC:Array href="#array-1" SOAP-ENC:position="[2]"/></SOAP-ENC:Array> <SOAP-ENC:Array id="array-1" SOAP-ENC:arrayType="xsd:string[10,10]"> <item SOAP-ENC:position="[2,2]">Third row, third col</item> <item SOAP-ENC:position="[7,2]">Eighth row, third col</item></SOAP-ENC:Array>

  5. Document/literal (2003): Forget all the fancy encoding rules • <?xml version="1.0"?> • <soap-env:envelope • soap-env:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:soap-env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" • xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema" • xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance"> • <soap-env:header> • ... • </soap-env:header> • <soap-env:body> • … your XML Schema compliant document goes here … • </soap-env:body> • </soap-env:envelope>

  6. I want my, I want my RPC (rpc/literal) • <?xml version="1.0"?> • <soap-env:envelope • soap-env:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:soap-env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" • xmlns:soap-enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema" • xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance"> • <soap-env:header> • ... • </soap-env:header> • <soap-env:body> • <m:doSomething xmlns:m=“http://lab49.com/”> • <foo> • … XML Schema compliant value… • … XML Schema compliant value… • … • </foo> • <bar> • … XML Schema compliant value… • … • </bar> • </m:doSomething> • </soap-env:body> • </soap-env:envelope> Namespace does not have to be the same as the parameter values Argument elements don’t even have a namespace Lets you model procedure calls, but can’t validate SOAP body with an XML Schema

  7. SOAP encoding convention line-up circa 2003 • RPC/encoded (the original) • Document/literal (based on XML Schema, but doesn’t model RPC) • RPC/literal (adds RPC modeling, breaks XML Schema validation) • Can’t we model RPC without breaking Schema validation?

  8. Wrapped document literal style (2005) • <?xml version="1.0"?> • <soap-env:envelope • soap-env:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:soap-env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" • xmlns:soap-enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" • xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema" • xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/1999/XMLSchema-instance"> • <soap-env:header> • ... • </soap-env:header> • <soap-env:body> • <m:doSomething xmlns:m=“http://lab49.com/”> • <m:foo> • … • </m:foo> • <m:bar> • … • </m:bar> • </m:doSomething> • </soap-env:body> • </soap-env:envelope> Entire body complies with an XML Schema containing element doSomething containing a sequence of elements foo and bar

  9. Handy summary

  10. Web Service Definition Language (WSDL 1.1) • <definitions> • <types> • <schema> • <element name="doSomething"> • <complexType> • <sequence> • <element name="foo" nillable="true" type="string" /> • <element name="bar" nillable="true" type="double" /> • </sequence> • </complexType> • </element> • <element name="doSomethingResponse"> • ... • </element> • </schema> • </types> • <message name="doSomethingRequest"> <part name="parameters" element="doSomething"></part> </message> • <message name="doSomethingResponse"> <part name="parameters" element="doSomethingResponse"></part> </message> • <portType name="myServices"> • <operation name="doSomething"> • <input name="doSomethingRequest" message="doSomethingRequest"></input> • <output name="doSomethingResponse" message="doSomethingResponse"></output> • </operation> • </portType> • <binding name="myServicesHttpBinding" type="myServices"> • <binding style="document" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" /> • <operation name="doSomething"> • <operation soapAction="" /> • <input name="doSomethingRequest"> <body use="literal" /> </input> • <output name="doSomethingResponse"> <body use="literal" /> </output> • </operation> • </binding> • <service name="myServices"> • <port name="myServicesHttpPort" binding="myServicesHttpBinding"> <address location="http://..." /> </port> • </service> • </definitions> Wrapped style. Notice the operation has one message part called “parameters” which is an XML sequence of the args

  11. WSDL IS IMPORTANT

  12. Code first / WSDL first decision algorithm Write code first and use doc/literal style. i.e. Every method has one arg. Use annotations to name everything and review WSDL afterward. Will other projects be using these services? i.e. is this part of an SOA? Are you in a great hurry? No No Yes Yes Write code first in wrapped/literal style, i.e. Use annotations to name everything and review WSDL afterward. Write WSDL first. Think through interfaces carefully, plan for backward compatibility, write lots of comments, and maintain in source control.

  13. Goodies • WS-Security (message integrity, confidentiality, and authentication) • WS-ReliableMessaging • WS-Routing (messaging patterns and routes) • WS-Eventing (pub/sub) • Many other incomprehensible extensions, collectively referred to as WS-*

  14. The SOAP way of thinking

  15. In the meantime…

  16. Will SOAP collapse under its own weight?

  17. Complexity Low High SOAP ? REST

  18. Comparison points • WSDL is a good idea for both SOAP and REST • (not a long-term differentiator) • SOAP and REST both allow you to name resources with URIs • (also not a long-term differentiator) • REST adds value to the entire web • (we don’t care) • REST is easier to program • (not for long) • SOAP provides better support for async messaging • SOAP is better if developers and network administrators don’t • have a good relationship

  19. In conclusion • For enterprise apps, default to SOAP. • But if (like Amazon.com) you • are catering to people who are not making a large • investment in connecting to your service • have control over your network • are trying to reach a broad audience • … then go with REST. • Expires: Mon, 31 Mar 2008 20:00:00 GMT

  20. Questions?

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