Chapter 5

1. Chapter 5 Interactions in Ecosystems 5th Grade Science

2. What is an Ecosystem? • ____________ - all living and non-living things in an area. • An ecosystem is any place where _______ are found. • ___________ - a group of organisms of one species that live in an area at the same time. Ex: a group of oak trees or an ant colony Ecosystem living Population

3. Community • __________ - made up of all of the populations in an area. • Members of a community depend on each other for ________, _________, and _____________. Non-living parts of an ecosystem include: -_________________ -_________________ -_________________ -__________________ Community food reproduction shelter air water soil temperature

4. Ecosystem Interactions • Living and non-living things _______ in an ecosystem. • Living things ________ on non-living things for survival. • Each part of an ecosystem has a ______, a job or function that they perform. • The whole system works to meet the needs of all of the parts. interact depend role

5. Populations in an Ecosystem • ____________ can live and grow only where their needs can be met in the ecosystem. • If the needs of the population are not met: • The number of members will get _________ • Some members might ________ away • Some will not __________. Populations smaller move survive

6. Biomes • __________________ - located near the equator and are warm all year long. • Tropical Rainforests have more _________ than all other ________. • Tropical Rainforest Species: • _________ • ____________ • __________ Tropical Rainforest Biomes species biomes Kinkajou Basilisik Lizard orchids

7. Deciduous Forest Biomes • Grow in cooler places that do not have large amounts of ____. • ____________ - lose their leaves - oaks, elms, maples. • Populations fluctuate due to _______, _________, __________. • Why do trees lose their leaves in the winter? • Why is overcrowding a problem in the forest? rain Deciduous Trees diseases overcrowding predators

8. Grassland Biomes • ___________ - biomes covered with many types of grasses and few trees. • ___________ grasses form ________ soils. • _______ amount of rain • Animals: _______, ________, _________ - eat the grasses that the prairie provides. • ________ in the grasslands are wolves and bison grasslands decaying fertile small bison antelope Prairie dogs predators

9. Populations in the Grassland • _________ when habitat changes - ______, ________, ________________ • ____________________ - grasslands changed into farmlands. Prairie dogs decreased in numbers because their food source was taken away and they had less space to roam. • ___________ - lightly populated in Northern States decrease climate enemies Water and food supply Declining population of wolves Gray wolves

10. Taiga Biome • _________ biome that covers much of Canada and Russia in places that are cold and fairly dry. • Most trees in the _____have needles – pines • Needles are _______ that conduct photosynthesis and provide food for the tree. • Needles have a ______coating that prevent water loss • tree • Animals – bears, elk, moose and wolves – fur to keep warm forest tiaga leaves waxy

11. Desert Biomes • ______ - areas that receive less than 25 centimeters of rain or snow each year. • Desert plants have large _________ close to the surface that allow them quickly take up water from rain. • Animals – sleep during the day and look for food at night to avoid the high temperatures • Largest deserts are found in ______ and ____ desert Root systems Africa SW Asia

12. Tundra Biome • _______ biome with little _______. • _____________ area of the world • ___________ include the amount of water, food, and space or shelter that is availible to an organism. • ______________ - the number of organisms that can live in a place • ____________________ -short time of warm weather cold rain Most Northern Limiting Factors Carrying capacity Limiting factor in the tundra

13. Water Ecosystems • ___________ • ___________ • ___________ • ___________ Water ecosystems include animals that spend much of their time on land. Plants and animals are _________ to live in this environment. rivers Wetlands Coral Reefs The Deep Sea adapted

14. Wetlands • ________ - partly covered with water or is flooded at least part of the year. • _________ wetland has many different types of grasses – ex. Everglades • _________ - wetland with many trees and bushes. • __________ - places where rivers flow into oceans. Wetland sawgrass Swamp Estuaries

15. Benefits of Wetlands • _________ - plants, soils, and microorganisms • _________ - plants, soils, and microorganisms clean the water • Provides _____ and ______ to many wetland species. filters Cleaners food shelter

16. Coral Reefs • __________ grow in areas where there are not many nutrients – extra nutrients will help the enemies of coral to grow and harm the coral. • Coral reefs _______ shore lines from ocean storms • Coral reefs have provided ________ • As corals grow and die, their ________ parts pile up to make the reefs Coral Reefs protect medicines skeletal

17. The Deep Sea • The deep sea is ____, ____, and has very high ______________. • ________ cannot reach these depths – no plants grow. • Animals bodies are _______ to live under the crushing pressure of the water. cold dark Water pressure sunlight adapted

18. Competition • Organisms in an ecosystem compete over: • ________ • ________ • ________ • ________ • ________ • An organisms that cannot compete may die or move away to get its needs met. space water light food mates

19. Competition cont’d • Animals of the same species may compete with each other and with organisms of other species for resources. • Plants compete for resources such as _______, ________, _________, and ________. • _____________ - may outcompete ________ species for resources water space light nutrients Invasive species native

20. Symbiosis • ___________ - a long term relationship between different species. • In symbiosis, one of the species is always ________, the other species in the relationship is either _______, _________, or ____________. • A symbiotic relationship where one species is harmed involves _______ - feed on other organisms - _______. Symbiosis helped helped harmed Not affected parasites host

21. Food chains and Food Webs • Every organism needs _______ in order to live • Energy moves through an ecosystem in ___________, ___________, or ____________ • __________ - organisms that make their own food such as ________, __________, and other _____________. • Producers get the energy that they need from the _______. energy Food chains Energy chains Food webs Producers plants protists microorganisms sun

22. Consumers • ___________ - organisms that cannot make their own food • All ________ are consumers • ___________ - only eat plants • ___________ - predators, eat only other animals called ______ • __________ - eat plants and animals • ___________ - eat waste or dead organisms consumers animals herbivores carnivores prey omnivores decomposers