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Distributed Mobile Tracking A Novel Location Management Scheme for Routing Improvement in Cellular IP Networks. Student : kwin-yee Lin Advisor: Chun-Chuan Yang
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Distributed Mobile TrackingA Novel Location Management Scheme forRouting Improvement in Cellular IP Networks Student : kwin-yee Lin Advisor: Chun-Chuan Yang Ref: “Distributed Mobile Tracking: A Novel Location Management Scheme for Routing Improvement in Cellular IP Networks,” Journal of Computer Networks, vol. 43, issue 2, October 2003, pp. 147-161. http://www.csie.ncnu.edu.tw/~ccyang/Publication/COMNET2003.pdf
Outline • Introduction • Distributed Mobile Tracking • Improvement of DMT • Routing protocols • Performance Evaluation • Conclusion
Introduction • Wired→Wireless • personal communications technologies • Wireless IP protocol • Mobile IP • Cellular IP
Distributed Mobile Tracking • Distributed location management • Trace of the mobile host • Hybrid with original cellular IP protocol
Improvement of DMT • Tree-pruning • Branches of MT-Tree are never longer than the path of original gateway routing • Tree-growing • Increase the coverage area of MT-Tree
Unicast protocol • A hybrid routing scheme • A base station has received a data packet: • Destination found in MT-Cache • Destination not found in MT-Cache
Gateway-based multicast protocol with route option (GBMP-RO)
Discussion • Overhead introduced by DMT: • Base Station • MT-Cache maintenance • Pruning process and Growing process • Mobile Host • MT-Cache Update during handoff • Multicast • GBRouteOption and MTRouteOption
Simulation environment • Network topology:8 × 8 mesh • 5000 mobile hosts • 2000 sets in each time slot • 600 time slots in each round • MoveProb parameter
Performance criteria • Average hop count • Average cost of multicasting • Load of each wired link in the cellular IP network
Conclusion • DMT is proposed • Improvement of DMT: • Tree-pruning • Tree-growing
Conclusion • Proposed Multicast Protocols: • GBMP,GBMP-RO • MTMP • Adv. of DMT-based protocol: • Shorter path • Load balance • Future work
Extended Research Ref: “A Multicast Routing Protocol for Group Communications in Cellular IP Networks,” Proceedings, IEEE ICC, 2005. http://www.csie.ncnu.edu.tw/~ccyang/Publication/ICC2005.pdf • Motivation • Large group size low hit ratio of MT-Tree routing in MTMP, and MTMP is more like GBMP-RO • Reason: MT-Trees of group members are built independently • Idea of distributed group tracking
DGT-Cache Structure: Group ID Branch information Radio user count (RC) Branch information: a list of base station ID (a) Structure of DGT-Cache G1 B1, B3, B5 RC=0 G1 B3 RC=1 G1 B2 RC=1 B1 B2 B3 B4 m1 m2 m3 G1 B2, B4 RC=1 G1: m1, m2, m3, m4 B5 G1 B2 RC=1 m4 (b) Example of DGT-Tree Distributed Group Tracking (DGT) Figure 1. Using DGT-Cache for representing DGT-Tree
m2 wants to join group G1 • m2 sends an IGMP-Join message to G • G asks m1 to report location to m2 • m1 informs m2 its current location (B1) • m2 invokes DGT-Tree-Grow toward B1 G1: m1 G Gateway 2. 3. 1. B1 B2 B3 B4 4. m2 m1 Branch-Extend (G1, B4, B3) Branch-Extend (G1, B3, B2) Branch-Extend (G1, B2, B1) Figure 2. E.g. DGT-Tree-Grow process DGT-Tree: join operation
DGT-Tree: leave operation B3 m2 Branch-Cut (G1, B4, B2) B2 B4 B5 m3 m3 leaves group G1 2. 1. B1 Branch-Cut (G1, B5, B4) m1 Figure 3. E.g. DGT-Tree-Trim process
DGT-Tree: handoff scheme DGT-Tree DGT-Tree DGT-Tree-Grow DGT-Tree-Trim RC-- B1 B2 RC-- B1 B2 RC++ m1 m1 Handoff Handoff (a) New base station is not on DGT-Tree (b) New base station is on DGT-Tree Figure 4. DGT handoff scheme
Figure 5. Average transmission cost (MoveProb = 0.5) Simulation result: transmission cost
Figure 6. Relative link load at 600th time slot (Group size = 10, MoveProb = 0.5) Simulation result: related link load