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Identifying Trends in the field of ESL

Identifying Trends in the field of ESL. By: Lina Engelhart,Sebastiaan Van den Bergh, Isabelle Roulet and Jeremiah Scalia. Introduction:. Common professional background (ESL). 4 Trends:. - Use of L1 in L2 (target language) instruction - An increase in non-native ESL teachers

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Identifying Trends in the field of ESL

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  1. Identifying Trends in the field of ESL By: Lina Engelhart,Sebastiaan Van den Bergh, Isabelle Roulet and Jeremiah Scalia

  2. Introduction: • Common professional background (ESL) • 4 Trends: - Use of L1 in L2 (target language) instruction - An increase in non-native ESL teachers - Vocabulary sets: shift in instruction - Technology in the ESL classroom

  3. Goede Morgen!

  4. Onze eerste les:

  5. Trend 1: Increase in L1 usage • Previous: Structure-based environment - focus on language, not message - focus on vocabulary and grammar rules - frequent error correction • Trend: Content-based environment - emphasis on interaction, conversation - grammar used for clarifying meaning

  6. Krashen’s theory on Low Affective Filter: High = students experience stress, anxiety, lack of self-confidence inhibiting success in L2 acquisition Low = facilitates risk-taking behavior, enables learning of L2

  7. Experience Communication Concerns Benefits Teaching Culture Trend 2: An increase in non-native ESL Teachers Use of English

  8. Trend 3: Trends in ESL Vocabulary Teaching “Language consists of grammaticalized lexis, not lexicalized grammar.” -Michael Lewis Trending, Then and Now • General trend toward teaching vocabulary • Recent shift in methods of teaching vocabulary SEMANTIC SETS– grouped according to category (e.g. furniture items, foods). THEMATIC SETS – grouped under thematic concept (e.g. fishing, air travel). UNRELATED SET - no semantic relation, nor are they expressly thematic in association. (frog, car, raining)

  9. What the research says: • 1993 Study (Tinkham) semantic sets had negative effect on vocabulary learning, thematic sets- neutral to positive. • 1997 Study (Waring) learners needed about 50% more time to learn semantically related words than unrelated words. • 2012 Study (Mirjalili, et al.) Subjects recalled more words from unrelated setsthan other sets. - unrelated sets (7.30) - thematic sets (7.06) - semantic sets (5.90) Interference Theory - Similarity between vocabulary words learned at the same time hinders retention.

  10. Semantic Set: has flattened semantic relation table shelf dresser couch Unrelated Set: has dynamic/contrastive semantic relation frog car raining

  11. Exception that proves the rule: Frylock, Master Shake and Meatwad from left to right:

  12. Trend 4:Technology & Language Learning Experience Technology redefines nature of language learning Positive & negative experiences Negative: Direct Translators!

  13. Technology & Language Txt Spk, Internet Language & Acronyms Word Play Slang “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to a man in his language, that goes to his heart” - Nelson Mandela Make a sentence as short as possible!

  14. Conclusion Student-centered

  15. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION.

  16. References: Reference 1: Chapter 5 - Observing Learning and Teaching in the Second Language Classroom Reference 2: http://teachingpronunciation.pbworks.com/f/When+the+teacher+is+a+non-native+speaker.PDF Reference 3: http://eldstrategies.com/affectivefilter.html (Krashen) Reference 4: Thomas Tinkham, Second Language Research 1997 13; 138

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