Welcome to Virtual Reality Technology

1. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Welcome toVirtual Reality Technology Grigore C. Burdea Ph.D. Director, Human–Machine Interface Laboratory, CAIP Center, Rutgers University. http://www.caip.rutgers.edu/vrlab/ Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

2. Grading Criteria: Quizzes 10%, Midterm 45% Final 45% Laboratory assignments graded separately Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

3. Textbook: Burdea and Coiffet, Virtual Reality Technology, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2003 Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

4. Laboratory Hardware Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

5. Virtual Reality - Introduction Class notes (PowerPoint) will be posted on the web http://www.caip.rutgers.edu/vrlab/vrclass Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

6. Introduction Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

7. What is Virtual Reality? Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

8. Introduction It is not augmented reality…. Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

9. Introduction What is Virtual Reality? “A high-end user interface that involves real-time simulation and interaction through multiple sensorial channels.” (vision, sound, touch, smell, taste) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

10. Introduction Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

11. Introduction Sensorama Simulator, US Patent #3,050,870, 1962 Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

12. 1963+ Ivan Sutherland's doctoral theses: SKETCHPAD: stereo HMD, position tracking, and a graphics engine. 1966+ Tom Furness: display systems for pilots; 1967+ Brooks developed force feedback GROPE system; 1977 Sandin and Sayre invent a bend-sensing glove 1979 Raab et al: Polhemus tracking system 1989 Jaron Lanier (VPL) coins the term virtual reality 1994 VR Society formed VR Short History Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

13. Introduction Ivan Sutherland’s HMD (1966+) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

14. Introduction Brooks’s Grope Project (1977) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

15. Introduction NASA … a pioneer in VR The first complete system was developed by NASA “Virtual Visual Environmental Display” (VIVED early 80s; they prototyped the LCD HMD; Became “Virtual Interface Environment Workstation” (VIEW) 1989 Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

16. Introduction Why NASA? Large simulation and training needs; Could not send humans to other harm; Relatively small budgets. Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

17. Introduction NASA VIEW system (1989) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

18. Introduction NASA VIEW system (1992) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

19. Introduction Towards Commercialization… The first commercial VR systems appeared in the late 80s produced by VPL Co. (California): The VPL “Data Glove” and The VPL “Eye Phone” HMD Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

20. Introduction The VPL DataGlove (1987) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

21. Introduction The Matel PowerGlove (1989) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

22. The first commercial VR glove for entertainment – Mattel Power Glove $50 (1989) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

23. Early HMDs were massive The Flight Helmet (ca. 1990) weighs 5 lbs Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

24. …and had poor resolution Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

25. Introduction • Virtual Reality in the early 90s…. • Emergence of first commercial Toolkits: • WorldToolKit (Sense8 Co., now Engineering Animation Inc.); • VCToolkit (Division Ltd., UK); • Virtual Reality Toolkit VRT3 (Dimension Ltd./Superscape, UK); • Cyberspace Developer Kit (Autodesk) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

26. Introduction Superscape VRT3 Development System Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

27. Introduction • Virtual Reality in the early 90s…. • Emergence of first non-commercial toolkit: • Rend386; • Later Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML 1.0); • Later still Java and Java 3D; Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

28. Introduction Scene created with Rend386 Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

29. Introduction • Virtual Reality in the early 90s…. • PC boards still very slow (7,000 – 35,000 polygons/sec); • First turnkey VR system – Provision 100 (Division Ltd.) • Emergence of faster graphics rendering architectures at UNC Chapel Hill: Pixel Planes; Later Pixel Flow; Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

30. Introduction Stride PC graphics accelerator 35,000 polygons/sec; $26,000 (with two co-processors)/card Require up to 6 PC slots for stereo version Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

31. Provision 100 VR turnkey system (Division Ltd., UK) Introduction 35,000 polygons/sec; $64,000 (including texture generator, tracker, 3-D audio, HMD and software) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

32. Introduction Provision 100 VR turnkey system (Division Ltd., UK) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

33. Introduction ~ 1 Million triangles/sec; Pixel Planes 5 VR system (UNC) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

34. Rendering speed comparison SGI vs. PCs Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

35. VR 2001 prices PC - $5k HMD $1k Trackball $1k Toolkit $0k Total: $7k Introduction VR Marketplace (estimated in 1994) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

36. Laboratory VR Station prices (2002) Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

37. VR Market growth Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology

38. The key elements of a VR System Rutgers University - Virtual Reality Technology