New Zealand sporting links with South Africa

1. New Zealand sporting links with South Africa

2. South Africa • In 1948 South Africa introduced its policy of apartheid. This was a policy of separate but equal development for whites and non-whites. (Sound familiar?) • As a result of this act, inter racial mixing of any sort was forbidden (separate train carriages, buses, drinking fountains, etc) • It also segregated blacks from sport. There were no racially mixed teams for any sport, and whites always had far better sporting facilities. (So what happened to separate but equal in sport?) • As a result, the Springboks, S.A’s national rugby team, was whites only. • Look at the resource sheet. What are the key features of APARTHEID? Create a landscape mindmap from the information on that page

3. ‘No Maoris, No Tour’ • Springboks invited All Blacks to tour South Africa in 1960 • This was on the condition that no blacks (i.e Maori) be included. • ‘No Maoris, No Tour’ slogan emerges from protestors. • When the Rugby Union announced that no Maori would be included in the team to tour South Africa, public protest grew dramatically. A petition of 156,000 was signed urging the tour be cancelled • Shamefully, the New Zealand Rugby Union and Labour government allowed the tour to proceed despite the protests. • The All blacks went on to lose the Test Series.

4. 1970 Springbok Tour • S.A permitted Maori and Pacific Islanders to participate in the tour with the stamp ‘honourary whites’in their passports • NZ ended up touring with 3 Maori and 1 P.I – BG Williams • Worldwide protests against S.African apartheid • Many international sports teams refusing to tour S.A - boycott

5. 1973 Tour cancelled • New PM Norman Kirk tried to persuade the NZRFU to withdraw their invitation • Poloice told him that there would be violence of the Springboks toured • Also NZ was hosting the Commonwealth Games and there was a threat of boycott by African nations • Kirk therefore cancelled the tour

6. Tour 1976 • In 1975 National Party wins election. • Prime Minister Robert Muldoon refused to prevent a 1976 tour by the AB’s to S.A • NZ’s international reputation hit its lowest point that year. • Thirty countries, including twelve black African states, boycotted the Montreal Olympics. • John Walker won his Gold Medal at Montreal!

7. Cartoon Analysis 1976 Olympics • Cartoon Analysis • 1976 Olympics • This Eric Heath cartoon appeared in the Dominion on 2 September 1976, a month after the Montreal Olympics ended. The five Olympic rings have become the high walls of five separate stadiums, labelled 'America', 'Pacific', 'Africa', 'China' and 'Europe'. The cartoon posed the question of whether political disputes would destroy the internationalism of the Games' ideals − a genuine fear at the time, and one that appeared to be confirmed by events in Moscow (1980) and Los Angeles (1984).

8. Gleneagles 1978 CHOGM • Gleneagles Statement on Apartheid in Sport, which was drafted in part by the New Zealand Prime Minister, Robert Muldoon promised to ‘discourage’ contact and competition between their sportsmen and sporting organisations, teams or individuals from South Africa’ • But what did this really mean? • “by withholding any form of support for, and by taking every practical step to discourage contact or competition by their nationals with sporting organisations, teams or sportsmen from South Africa or from any other country where sports are organised onthe basis of race, colour or ethnic origin. “

9. 1981 Government role • Muldoon wrote a letter to the Rugby Union asking them to cancel the tour but would not actually cancel the tour himself • Do you think that his actions were taking ‘every practical step’ • Compare his action with that of Norman Kirk in 1973

10. 1981 Tour • Despite huge protests NZRFU invited white only springboks to tour NZ • Over the eight weeks nearly 2000 New Zealanders were arrested. • Various cases of arson and field destruction. • The greatest civil unrest in NZ since the 1863 NZ Wars. • One game called off due to violence. • Interesting Question from Maori activists: ‘Why had so many protestors risked arrest or physical harm to support people in a country thousands of miles away when the same was going on in NZ?’

13. Identify the significant historical event • People / groups involved in the historical event • How the event affected these people / groups • What happened in your chosen historical event? Give a description of the event. • How were TWO of the people OR groups in society that you identified above affected by the event? Clearly identify the people OR groups in your answer. • Why is your chosen historical event of significance to New Zealanders? • In your answer, you could discuss aspects such as: • why your event was important to people alive at the time • the impact the event had on people’s lives • if the event continues to affect New Zealand society and how it affects society today