Feudalism Woodcut

1. Feudalism Woodcut What is the woodcut depicting?

2. PRE-1200: Feudalism After the fall of Rome in 476, Europe descended into a patchwork of feudal communities for nearly 1,000 years. Great empires in the Middle East (Mostly Under Muslim Control by 750),

3. Feudal life What was the most important part of feudal society? The Manor was essential to feudal society. It was the estate of feudal lords. Peasants would farm the land and give their lords a share in exchange for food and protection.

4. Movable Type from Asia Can you identify either of the cultural achievements? Nok Culture Sculpture ASIA, AFRICA AND SOUTH AMERICA MADE MOST OF THE SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC AND LITERARY ADVANCEMENTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES.

5. Andean Civilizations Advance A harsh, dry climate made terrain difficult for farming. The Nazcas overcame this by developing an irrigation system. What difficulties did the terrain and climate of the Andes region present its settlers?

6. Crusades Woodcut Why was Jerusalem such an important city? The Europeans felt threatened. It was a Holy City shared by Muslims and Christians. Now people did not want to share.

7. 1200-1400: Crusades & Commercial Revolution Feudalism began to decline because of the re-establishment of trade routes in the aftermath of The Crusades. Wealth produced by trade both created a merchant class and produced surplus money that monarchs could borrow to raise armies. This led to the rise of nation-states in Spain, France and England at the expense of feudal lords.

8. A Change in Motives The Islamic Empire gains land. This in turn worries the Europeans. First they seek new land to DEFEND religion. Then they seek new land to SPREAD it.

9. Renaissance era painting Perspective Colors Depth How does this painting differ from the of the medieval era woodcuts we viewed?

10. Age of exploration Sails made sailing faster Overall design of ship and hull made travel safer and more efficient Space under-deck made more room for trade goods The ships to the left were called caravels. What do you think some advantages of this new ship were?

11. 15th CENTURY: Renaissance & Exploration Why was the printing press such a significant invention? The Renaissance was a re-birth of Roman and Greek culture that started in Northern Italy and spread throughout Europe in later centuries. The Renaissance emphasized reason and the importance of the individual. The printing press and the Fall of the Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 allowed Italian scholars to rediscover classical texts.

12. The Renaissance spirit of curiosity and love of learning, as well as European demand for foreign goods spurred many European explorers to seek a new trade route to Asia. The discoveries of Christopher Columbus and Vasco Da Gama kick started a massive cultural exchange of goods and ideas that forever changed life in both hemispheres. Chinese and Japanese Empires eventually decided to become further isolated from the Western World while some Mughal Emperors (who ruled in what is now India) welcomed foreign trade.

13. Begin to see an emphasis on material goods. A small trade group from Venice became the first Europeans to reach China. Who was the most famous of the group?

14. Luther and the Reformation The church had significant influence in the government, was selling indulgences, and engaging in other unsavory behaviors. Luther felt it was time for a change. Why was Luther so upset?

15. 16th CENTURY: Reformation & Religious Conflict In 1517, German monk Martin Luther challenged the religious authority of the CatholicChurch, which ignited the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation left European Christians split into Protestants, who protested the authority of the pope and believed individuals should interpret the Bible themselves, and Catholics who remained loyal to the pope.