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Explore the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society, work, and technology in Great Britain. Discover how the transition from cottage industries to factories changed the way people lived and worked, and how steam power fueled this revolution.
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Preview Starting Points Map: Resources of Great Britain Main Idea / Reading Focus Steam Powers the Revolution Faces of History: James Watt Industrialization Spreads A New Kind of Revolution
A New Kind of Revolution Main Idea The transition from cottage industries changed how people worked in factories, what life was like in factory towns, labor conditions, and, eventually, processes within factories. • Reading Focus • Why did life change as industry spread? • How did an agricultural revolution lead to the growth of industry • How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution Begins Witness History Audio: From Hand Power to Steam Power Life Changes as Industry Spreads In the mid-1700s, the production of food and goods began to be made easier by complex machines. This process of industrialization was slow at first, but eventually led to the growth of cities and the end of a rural way of life. Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age Agriculture Spurs Industry The Industrial Revolution began with improvements in farming. Rich landowners began to enclose large farms, and farm laborers were pushed out of work. Populations in Europe soared because of the food surplus and improved sanitation and medical care. Note Taking Transparency 127 1 of 5
Work in the Home Problems for Cottage Industries • Raw materials delivered • Work done to completion • Merchant takes product to market • Workers controlled schedules, quality • Family life revolved around business • Destruction of equipment • Time to learn skills • Physical strength required • Factory owners took advantage of drawbacks Production before Factories
Factors for Success Agricultural Factors • Exploration and colonialism • Seapower • Political stability • Government support • Growth of private investment • Research and development on farms • Jethro Tull, seed drill • Improved livestock breeding • Better varieties of food crops • Increased food supply • Population grew • Enclosure movement A New Kind of Revolution During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.
Farming Methods Improve Enclosure Population Multiplies • The Dutch paved the way by reclaiming land from the sea. • Farm journals were used to share new techniques • New inventions made work easier • The process of taking over and consolidating land shared by peasants • Increased output/caused migration • Villages shrink and cities grow • Britain’s population rose 4 million people in 100 years • Ag revolution reduced the risk of famine • Healthier lifestyles, better hygiene, better sanitation, & improved medical care Agriculture Spurs Industry The Industrial Revolution was made possible by a change in the farming fields of Western Europe. This second agricultural revolution greatly improved the quality of life & quantity of farm products.
Find the Main Idea What were some benefits of the cottage system of production? Answer(s): workers made decisions about when to work, rest, and eat, how much to produce; family could adjust work schedule, all family members could be involved
The Industrial Revolution Begins New Technology Becomes Key In the 1700s, new sources of energy were developed. Coal powered the steam engine, which, in turn, powered everything from trains to ships. The intense heat of coal also allowed for improved iron production, which further benefited the new railroad industry. Section 1: Dawn of the Industrial Age Color Transparency 116: Steam-Powered Inventions QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency 2 of 5
New Technology Becomes Key The Development of new technology helped to trigger the Industrial Revolution. Aided by new energy sources and new materials these new technologies enabled business owners to change the way work was done • An Energy Revolution • As people began to look for new sources of energy, coal became very important • Coal was used to power new steam engines • James Watt improved earlier engines that ran pumps to operate engines that powered new machines • The Quality of Iron Improves • Coal was also important in iron production • Iron that was smelted with coal was cheaper and of better quality • As iron became cheaper and stronger it was used more and more widely
Coal for Steam Engines Development of Steam Engine • Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel • Wood scarce • Coal mining industry • Changing landscapes • Dangers of mining • First successful steam engine in 1712 • Innovations by James Watt • Steam power versus water power • Steam locomotives • Steamships • Robert Fulton Steam Powers the Revolution
The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 1 Color Transparency 116: Steam-Powered Inventions 4 of 5
Make Generalizations What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of British industry? Answer(s): major impact; used in textile mills, factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near northern coal mines
The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 1 Note Taking Transparency 127 3 of 5
The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 1 Progress Monitoring Transparency 5 of 5
