What Is Bullying?

1. Anti-Bullying 101Gail WattsCalifornia Teachers AssociationHuman Rights Departmentgwatts@cta.org

3. What Is Bullying? When was a definition of “bullying” added to the California Education Code? Can a student in K-12 system be suspended for bullying another student? Can a student be suspended for a bullying act that doesn’t take place at school? If a student creates a derogatory facebook page about a teacher, is that free speech or bullying?

4. What Is Bullying? +Intent to hurt +Power to hurt +Hurtful action +Repetition(most of the time) + Secrecy (most of the time) = B U L L Y I N G

5. Is There A Difference Between Bullying and Teasing? VS

6. Bullying Facts And Statistics • Almost 30% of youth in the United States are estimated to be involved in bullying as either a victim or bully • 60% of those characterized as bullies in grades 6-9 had at least one adult criminal conviction by age 24 and 3 arrests by age 30 Source: National Violence Prevention Center

7. Bullying Facts And Statistics • More than 43% of middle school and high school students avoid using school bathrooms for fear of being harassed or assaulted (Mothering) • One in fifteen students said they avoided certain places at school because they feared of being attacked (Harvard School of Public Health)

8. Bullying Facts And Statistics • Only 25% of students reported that teachers intervene in bullying situations, while 71% of teachers believe they always intervene (Source: www.bullybeware.com) • When asked, students uniformly expressed the desire that teachers intervene rather than ignore teasing and bullying (Source: Maine Project Against Bullying)

9. Bullying Facts And Statistics College Students: • 15% report being bullied. • 22% report being cyberbullied • 38% of college students knew someone who had been cyberbullied • 9% report they had cyberbullied someone else • 15% had seen a professor bully a student (US News & World Report, Nov 3, 2011) Workplace: • 37% of workers (54 million people) reported they had been bullied at work. (Psychology Today, Feb 2, 2010, Cutting-Edge Leadership)

10. “I was at school every day and had no idea of the horror that was brewing.”- Columbine Principal

11. Types of Bullying • Verbal • Physical • Social / Relational • Cyber • Reactive

12. Verbal Bullying Examples: • Name-calling • Insults • Jokes • Threats • Using language to gain power over peers. • Most common form of bullying. • Difficult to identify. • May leave lasting psychological impact on victims. Source: http://www.stopbullying.gov About.com, http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Types-of-Bullying.htm Norfolk County Council, http://www.schools.norfolk.gov.uk/index.cfm?s=1&m=1096&p=1263,page&id=548 Respect, http://www.respect2all.org/students/bullying-definitions

13. Physical Bullying Examples: • Hitting • Kicking • Groping • Spitting • Shoving • Damaging belongings • Stealing • Use overt bodily acts to gain power over peers. • Generally more obvious. • Physical bullying is rarely the first form of bullying that a target will experience. Source: http://www.stopbullying.gov About.com, http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Types-of-Bullying.htm Norfolk County Council, http://www.schools.norfolk.gov.uk/index.cfm?s=1&m=1096&p=1263,page&id=548 Respect, http://www.respect2all.org/students/bullying-definitions

14. Social / Relational Bullying • Intent to harm reputation or social standing. • Often happens among friends. • 2 main methods: make someone feel unwelcome or gain someone’s trust and then break it. Examples: • Telling secrets told in confidence • Spreading rumors/gossip • Exclusion • Breaking up friendships • Encouraging others to ignore or chastise • Ranking or rating others Source: http://www.stopbullying.gov About.com, http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Types-of-Bullying.htm Norfolk County Council, http://www.schools.norfolk.gov.uk/index.cfm?s=1&m=1096&p=1263,page&id=548 Respect, http://www.respect2all.org/students/bullying-definitions

15. Cyber Bullying • Harassment that occurs using technology. • Happens 24/7/365 • Students more tech savvy. Unsupervised. • Can be shared with wide audience. • Anonymous but traceable. • Exacerbates effects on victim when used with other forms of bullying. Examples: • Social media (facebook, twitter, etc) • Text, instant message, email, chat room posts • Fake websites or social media profiles • Videos, photos http://www.stopbullying.gov About.com, http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Types-of-Bullying.htm Norfolk County Council, http://www.schools.norfolk.gov.uk/index.cfm?s=1&m=1096&p=1263,page&id=548 Respect, http://www.respect2all.org/students/bullying-definitions

16. Reactive Bullying Examples: • Taunting a peer until the peer reacts. Then claims to be a victim. • Causes conflict AND is attacked by peers. • Reactive bullies may target those that have also acted as a bully. Source: http://www.stopbullying.gov About.com, http://tweenparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Types-of-Bullying.htm

17. Bullying: Who’s Affected? • Bully • Victim or Target • Bystander / witness – passively watch • Assistant – take part in ridicule or intimidation • Reinforcer – encourage by showing signs of approval • Defender – intervene, distract, discourage Bullying: A Module for Teachers, Sandra Graham, http://www.apa.org/education/k12/bullying.aspx

18. Bullying: Who’s Affected? The VICTIM or TARGET tends to: • Have low self-esteem • Be less popular • Have few or no friends • Social minorities • Be passive • Socially withdrawn • Depressed, anxious and lonely • May blame themselves for predicament Bullying: A Module for Teachers, Sandra Graham, http://www.apa.org/education/k12/bullying.aspx http://www.stopbullying.gov/topics/risk_factors/index.html

19. Bullying: Who’s Affected? The BULLY tends to: • Be well connected • Have social power • Have lots of friends • Have high self-esteem • May be overly concerned about their popularity. • May tend to dominate / be in charge of others. • May have inflated self-views

20. Video – What’s Going On

22. True Based on reported incidences, males bully more than females. True or False?

23. True Because of its prevalence, many accept bullying as part of growing up. True or False?

24. False The United States is the leading country on programs to address bullying. True or False?

25. False Bullies are loners, low academic achievers, insecure and usually have few friends. True or False?

26. True Those who bullied or were bullied as students are likely to become bullies as adults. True or False?

27. False Fighting back or standing up to a bully will stop the behavior. True or False?

28. Anti-bullying Super Heroes Immediate Intervention Strategies: Separate those who are engaged as bullies and victims. Talk to them separately. Create a safe place for those targeted. Delve into behavior of why students are bullying. Hold bystanders accountable.

29. Intervention: Turning Around Bullying Behavior Preventing Classroom Bullying: What Teachers Can Do, Jim Wright, www.interventioncentral.org Assess the extent of the bullying problem. Ensure that the class understands the definition of bullying Confront students engaged in bullying in a firm and fair manner. Provide appropriate and consistent consequences for bullying.

30. Resources • California Department of Education (www.cde.ca.gov) • Learning Support/Safe Schools • Sample Bullying Prevention Policy • Sample Policy for Conflict Resolution • How Does A Caring Adult Talk To A Bully?

31. Resources • Classroom Activities • Chalk Talk www.schoolsafety.us • Bully Busters www.stopbullyingnow.net • Take Action Now www.education.com/bullying • NEA www.nea.org/ToolsandIdeas • Teaching Tolerance www.tolerance.org