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LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). Edited by Chi Hun, Kim. History of LCD. Liquid Crystal. Liquid Crystal Disply. Operation Mechanism ( TN-LCD & STN-LCD ). 2) STN-LCD. 1) TN-LCD. Operation Mechanism (TFT-LCD). 3) TFT-LCD. Structure of LCD. Glass substrate. Color filter. Polarizers.

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LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

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  1. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Edited by Chi Hun, Kim

  2. History of LCD

  3. Liquid Crystal

  4. Liquid Crystal Disply

  5. Operation Mechanism ( TN-LCD & STN-LCD ) 2) STN-LCD 1) TN-LCD

  6. Operation Mechanism (TFT-LCD) 3) TFT-LCD

  7. Structure of LCD Glass substrate Color filter Polarizers Liquid crystal Signal lines Transparent common electrode Scan line Thin film transistor Transparent display electrode Glass substrate Back light

  8. Process – Color Filter

  9. Process – TFT

  10. Process – LCD Panel

  11. Black Matrix Role - Isolation of light source from adjacent pixel - Effect of increase in contrast - Prevention of inaccurateoperation

  12. Component - Black Matrix

  13. Color in LCD

  14. Color in LCD

  15. Pigment Type

  16. Function of Components

  17. Color Filter Material

  18. Over Coat

  19. PVA Mode

  20. ITO Etching Margin in PVA Mode

  21. Over Coat

  22. Spacer

  23. Two Types of Spacer

  24. Two Types of Spacer It can be expected that the demand of column spacer increase according to increasing of market of LCD-TV.

  25. Organic insulator - VGA 80 ~ 82% Black Matrix type - VGA 60% Organic Insulating Layer

  26. Materials of Organic Insulating Layer • Photosensitive resin • PAC

  27. Polarizer

  28. Structure Structure of polarizer in LCD - PVA (Poly vinyl alcohol) - TAC (Tri-acetyl cellulose) - Protection Film - AR(Anti-reflection) AG(Anti-Glare)

  29. Backlight Unit

  30. BLU : Light Source

  31. BLU : Optical Sheets & LGP • Optical Sheets • LGP

  32. The Functional of Alignment Layer • LC Alignment by Rubbed Alignment Layer • Regulation of LC Movement

  33. What is Pretilt Angle (θp)?

  34. Necessity of Pretilt Angle

  35. Polyimide (Alignment Layer)

  36. Steric Effect ⇒ 2.4° ⇒ 6.2° ⇒ 13.3°

  37. Substitution Effect

  38. Polysiloxane cinnamate: PSCN Photo-dimerized monolayer : PDML 6FD-HAB-CI polyimide Poly(ω(4-chalconyloxy) alkoxyphenylmaleimide) Ultra Violet Arrangement

  39. Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR) VHR(%) PI-1 : 99% PI-2 : 90% PI-3 : 80% PI-4 : 60% PI-5 : 50%

  40. Liquid Crystal Themotropic LC, Lyotropic LC Nematic, Smectic, Cholesteric, Ferroelectric Anti-ferroelectric, Discotic, Polymer LC

  41. Molecular Structure of Liquid Crystal Compounds Terminal group(Alkyl, Alkoxy, CN, Halogen atm etc. Central Groups: Benzene or cyclohexane ring Lateral Substituted group : H, Halogen atom, CN, OH, NO2etc.) Linkage Groups: Ester, Ethylene, Methyloxy, Acetylene,

  42. R O / R C N R C N 1972/3 : BDH R C O O C N 1973 : Halle D.D.R N R O / R C N N 1973/4 Hoffmann -La Roche R C N R C N 1976/77 R C N : Merck, F.R.G O R C N O 1980 : Halle , D.D.R R C H C H C N 2 2 1983 Hull, BDH R C H C H C N 2 2 History of Liquid Crystal Compounds

  43. Fluorine Substituted Liquid Crystal Compounds

  44. R R ' R R ' F R C H C H R ' 2 2 C H C H R ' R 2 2 R C H C H R ' F 2 2 R R ' R R ' R C H C H R ' 2 2 R C H C H R ' 2 2 Components for Use in Wide Working Range TN Mixtures Low viscosity High clearing point Wide range, low viscosity

  45. Chiral Liquid Crystal Compound

  46. Current Materials in TFT-LCD Item Function Materials • Color Filter PR • Black Matrix • Liquid Crystal • Alignment Layer • Polarizer • Prism Film • Retardation Film • Substrates • Full Color • Pixel • Light Valve • LC Aligning • Polarization of Light • Light Pass • Phase Compensation • Panel substrate • Acrylic Polymer, Pigment • Cr/CrOx, Resin • Organic • Polyimide • PVA, TAC, Adhesives • PET film, UV-Curing resin • Polycarbonate,LC film • Glass, Plastic

  47. Target Application Polymer Materials Photopolymers Photo-Polyacrylates Polyimides UV-Alignment Layer - IPS* Mode - VA** Mode Wide Viewing Angle High Aperture Tech - Organic Passivation Layer - TFT on CF Array (TOC) Dielectric Polymers Hybrid Polymers Brightness Enhancing Plastic Substrate Organic TFT Organic Gate Insulator Optical Polymers Conducting Polymers Flexible Display Novel PDPR for TV Ink - Jet Technology New Color Technology New Polymer Binders Fast Response Time TV Application (~6 msec) New type LC New TFT-LCD Technology with (New) Polymer Materials * : In Plane Switching **: Vertical Alignment

  48. Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Quantity)

  49. Large Area TFT-LCD Market (Revenue)

  50. Mobile TFT-LCD Applications & Market Size

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