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Second Language Acquisition V ideo series with Dr. Frank Tuzi. What is SLA?. Second Language Acquisition L2 (Second Language – living it) TL (Target Language) FL (Foreign Language – not living it) Library Language – just learning to investigate topics in that language
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What is SLA? • Second Language Acquisition • L2 (Second Language – living it) • TL (Target Language) • FL (Foreign Language – not living it) • Library Language – just learning to investigate topics in that language • Auxiliary Language – learned only for a specific purpose (business needs)
To ponder in SLA: • WHAT does the learner learn? • Just language? Other understandings? • HOW does the learner learn? • Environmental? • Formal instruction? • Why are some learners more successful than others? • Better strategies? • More motivated?
The field of SLA study involves: • Linguistics • Psychology – workings of brain • Sociolinguists – interactions with others • Theories of SLA integrate these components
Multilingual speakers: • Knowledge is different (enhanced) • Linguistic awareness is higher • Cognitive processes are better understood
Language Learning (L1/LL): • The nature of L1 learning is inherent • Children learn with interaction and stimulus • Intelligence and the ability to learn L1 are not directly related • The rate of L1 learning varies. It does correlate to the critical period. • LL requires INPUT but teaching L1 is not necessary for oral communication.
Skinner Chomsky Krashen
What the researcher can investigate: • Linguistic perspectives of language learning • Psychological perspectives of language learning • Social perspective of LL • Any combination of the above
SL Learning Theories • What makes a good theory? • How does theory fit together with actual teaching of SL?
Views of the nature of language: • Language is complex and multilevel • Phonology - sounds • Morphology - endings • Semantics - meaning • Lexis – vocabulary/words • Pragmatics – social context • Competence vs Performance • Nature vs Nurture
Input and Interaction in SLA Input and Interaction in SLA
Input and Interaction in SLA Input and Interaction in SLA
Input and Interaction in SLA Input and Interaction in SLA
Input and Interaction in SLA Input and Interaction in SLA
Stephen Krashen • We all acquire language the same. • Symbolic representation-visuals work • We acquire language when we understand messages – this is comprehensible input in a low anxiety environment. • Anything that makes language comprehensible (pictures, knowledge, background) helps.
Stephen Krashen • Speaking ability emerges gradually. • L2 develops in a very similar way as L1 • listening/input happens first • silent period is normal • order: words, phrases, sentences • What counts in speaking is the input you get from others’ responses. • Affective filter: motivation, self-esteem, anxiety (lower is better) affect learning.