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Problem Solving

Problem Solving. Asking Questions Choosing Strategies Making Decisions. Today’s First Problem:. Take notes for use on QUIZ Choose EITHER: -- Cornell Method (divided page) OR -- Concept Map ***BUT NO complete sentences*** (Problem SOLVED!).

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Problem Solving

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  1. Problem Solving Asking Questions Choosing Strategies Making Decisions

  2. Today’s First Problem: • Take notes for use on QUIZ Choose EITHER: --Cornell Method (divided page) OR --Concept Map ***BUT NO complete sentences*** (Problem SOLVED!)

  3. There are GOOD, PRODUCTIVE ways to solve problems… …and there are POOR, UNPRODUCTIVE ways.

  4. Pout, sulk, cry Temper tantrum Procrastinate Blame others Ignore warnings Take it out on friends, family Keep “busy” with other things Make excuses “Pity party” Avoid the problem Lie, cheat, steal Bribe someone Play the martyr Deny, deny, deny Give up too soon POOR Problem Solving

  5. Practice Activity • In your class notes, jot down some bad problem solving situations you have experienced OR observed. (How did someone “mess up” using poor problem solving behaviors?) • Be ready to share with the class.

  6. The IDEAL problem solving strategy in this approach has been adapted from: “The IDEAL Problem Solver” by John D. Bransford and Barry S. Stein

  7. IDEAL Problem Solving • I DENTIFY the problem • D ESCRIBE the problem • E XPLORE solution strategies • A PPLY a strategy • L OOK <- BACK <- and LEARN

  8. IDENTIFYThe Problem (A) SCHEMA-driven problem solving: A problem appears and BAM! -- the solution just comes to you. You KNOW what to do. It’s usually because you: --had a similar problem in the past. --observed someone else solving such a problem. --read a book, heard a story, or watched a movie in which this problem appeared. --are creative and tend to think out of the box.

  9. IDENTIFY the Problem (B) • WHOSE problem? • What’s going wrong? • Had the problem before? Was it solved? • Something I don’t want to face? • Something missing? Added? • What are “symptoms?” • A thing I’m (not) supposed to do? • Expectations, mine or others’? • Something left undone? • Obstacles blocking what I want?

  10. DESCRIBE the Problem • What/who CAUSED the problem? • Whole Problem in a nutshell? • Distinct PARTS of the problem? • Relevant small details? • Who is/should (not) be involved? • What kind of change is needed? • Can change cause OTHER problems? What are the consequences of NOT solving the problem?

  11. EXPLORE Strategiesto Solve the Problem • ALGORITHMS:step-by-step strategies • HEURISTICS:general problem-solving strategies

  12. Math +-x÷ Math formula PERT Chart Setting Goals Chronologicalsteps Assembly instructions Prioritizing A recipe Task analysis Traditional etiquette rules Prescribed routines ANY ORDERLY PROCEDURE ALGORITHMS

  13. Heuristics (some of many)

  14. APPLY a Strategy • See if it works. • And if it worked….

  15. LOOK BACK and LEARN

  16. Describe a real problem that you SOLVED OR saw someone else SOLVE successfully *What can be LEARNED from that?

  17. Describe a problem that Someone did NOT solve. What were the CONSEQUENCES?

  18. If a solution DOESN’T Work Look back and LEARN to find out WHY it DIDN’T work.

  19. And THEN…..

  20. Apply a DIFFERENT Strategy And so on….

  21. If you always “LOOK BACK and LEARN, you will accumulate more and more ability to experience those “BAM!” solutions to problems that confront you. E-x-p-a-n-d your repertoire of problem-solving strategies. Makes life so much easier…. TRY it!

  22. IDEAL Problem Solving • IDENTIFY the Problem • DESCRIBE the Problem • EXPLORE Solution Strategies • APPLY a Strategy • LOOK BACK and LEARN!

  23. P.S. --Problem Solving involves lots of decision making And decision making often ends up involving and/or affects other people, SO….

  24. QUESTIONS for Decision Makers • Will anyone ELSE be affected by my decision? • Does anyone ELSE have a STAKE in the situation I am making a decision about? • Do I KNOW someone who has experienced this or can assist me?

  25. Problem Solving QUIZ • Name the five steps of today’s problem solving strategy, in order. 2. Explain steps 1 and 2. 3. What is the DIFFERENCE between algorithms and heuristics? 4. List 5 algorithms for problem solving & 5 heuristics approaches.

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