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Motherboard Configuration: BIOS Setup and Settings

Learn how to configure motherboard settings through the BIOS setup program, including enabling or disabling connectors/ports, overclocking the CPU, controlling security features, and managing boot options.

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Motherboard Configuration: BIOS Setup and Settings

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  1. The bios

  2. 901 exam

  3. Motherboard Configuration • You can configure various Motherboard settings: • Enable or disable a connector or port • Set frequency of CPU (overclocking) • Control security features • Control what happens when the PC first boots • Two ways exist to configure older motherboards: • DIP switches or jumpers • Today, almost all motherboard configuration data is stored in CMOS RAM • A program called BIOS setup is used to make changes to settings stored in CMOS RAM

  4. Using Jumpers to Configure a Motherboard • Open jumper = no cover on pins • Closed jumper = cover on pins • A jumper is a group of small posts or metal pins that stick up off the motherboard • Make sure to retain setup or installation information in order to set jumpers properly • Jumpers can be used to clear a forgotten supervisor or power-on password BIOS configuration jumper settings

  5. Access the BIOS toConfigure a MotherboardPM video 7:01 • To access the BIOS setup program you need to press a special key or combination of keys during the boot process (DEL or F2) • The key combination varies from one manufacturer to another • To determine the correct key to press, see documentation for your motherboard or watch the screen near the beginning of the boot • After pressing the correct key(s), the setup screen appears with menus and Help features

  6. BIOS setup main menu

  7. Bios vs uefi The BIOS works only in 16-bit mode and depends on x86 hardware/firmware • The Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) – is a new standard slowly replacing BIOS • UEFI can be enabled, which is a “super-BIOS” and provides an interface between firmware on the motherboard and the OS but in 32 or 64-bit mode Wave BIOS goodbye with UEFI • UEFI improves the boot process and offers support for 2.2 TB partitions

  8. BIOS Settings – pm video 6:05 • You can change the boot sequence in the BIOS • Example: Change from the hard drive to the DVD drive • You can configure onboard devices • Example: Enable/disable a port or group of ports • You can view hard drive and optical drive information • Some motherboards allow changing the processor speed or the memory multiplier, which is known as overclocking • You can monitor temperatures, fan speeds, and voltages

  9. BIOS Settings • How to set passwords varies depending on the motherboard and BIOS • Passwords can be assigned to prevent unauthorized access to the BIOS setup utility • It may be possible to set a supervisor, user, power-on, or setup password • A system power-on or user password requires a password be entered every boot • A setup password only requires a password be entered in order to access BIOS setup • Chassis intrusion detection can be enabled in the BIOS which logs when a computer case is opened

  10. Bios Settings • Some motherboards allow you to set a password to access the hard drive • The hard drive password still works even if drive is moved to another PC • If you don’t know the hard drive password, your hard drive will be “locked” and won’t function • A hard drive password is like a lock on a door that protects a room full of files

  11. BIOS Settings • LoJack is a technology embedded in the BIOS of many laptops to protect a system against theft • To use LoJack you must subscribe to a service • With LoJack enabled, software and the BIOS work together to locate a laptop whenever it connects to the Internet

  12. BIOS Settings • TPM stands for Trusted Platform Module • TPM works with BitLocker Encryption in Windows • An encryption key can bekept on a TPM chip on the motherboard and this ensures that a drive cannot be used in another computer • Encryption is like having a room full of files that are scrambled with a code that only you know

  13. Bios Settings • Virtualization is when one physical machine hosts multiple activities that are normally on multiple machines • Virtualization must be enabled in BIOS setup for VM software to work

  14. Flashing the BIOS • Flashing the BIOS is the process of upgrading or refreshing the ROM BIOS chip • BIOS updates are downloaded from the motherboard manufacturer’s Web site • Flashing is performed only if the motherboard is unstable, incorporating new feature, or component

  15. Flashing the biospm video 7:03 • Methods of installing BIOS updates: • Express BIOS update • Update from a USB flash drive • Update using a bootable CD • “If it’s not broke, don’t fix it” – only update if you’re having trouble • Don’t update unless the update is a later version than the one installed • Update should not be interrupted while in progress

  16. BIOS setup exit menu

  17. CMOS Battery • The CMOS needs a continuous charge to retain its data • A coin battery gives the CMOS the charge it needs when the computer is turned off • You can lose all of your CMOS settings if the battery fails • To replace a CMOS battery, choose the correct replacement battery (amps/volts) • Power down system, unplug it, press power button to drain the power, remove case cover • Use a ground bracelet, remove the old battery using a flat-head screwdriver, pop new battery into place

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