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An Introduction To Ecology

An Introduction To Ecology. Chapter 50. Ecology – study of interactions between organisms and environment. Consists of abiotic (nonliving; i.e. temperature, light, etc) and biotic (living) factors. http://www.apsnet.org/education/illustratedglossary/PhotosE-H/forestdecline.htm.

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An Introduction To Ecology

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  1. An Introduction To Ecology Chapter 50

  2. Ecology – study of interactions between organisms and environment. • Consists of abiotic (nonliving; i.e. temperature, light, etc) and biotic (living) factors.

  3. http://www.apsnet.org/education/illustratedglossary/PhotosE-H/forestdecline.htmhttp://www.apsnet.org/education/illustratedglossary/PhotosE-H/forestdecline.htm

  4. Population – group of individuals of same species living in an area. • Community – all organisms of all species that live in an area. • Ecosystem – above plus abiotic factors. • Biosphere – sum of all ecosystems.

  5. http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/img/biosphere.gifhttp://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch8en/conc8en/img/biosphere.gif

  6. Distribution affected by temperature, water, sunlight, wind, and rocks and soil. • Type of each will determine what can live there.

  7. http://www.your-healthy-gardens.com/images/SoilTypes1.jpg

  8. Temperature and water are biggest factors. • Biomes – major types of ecosystems. • Determined by proximity to equator, closeness to ocean, mountains, etc.

  9. http://z.about.com/d/geography/1/0/V/A/equator.jpg

  10. Aquatic biomes • 2 types – marine and freshwater. • Stratified vertically – photic zone (light) and aphotic zone (little light). • Bottom of aquatic is benthos – food is detritus that falls from above.

  11. http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/nats104/00lect17lakeutrophic.jpghttp://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/nats104/00lect17lakeutrophic.jpg

  12. Freshwater – close to shore – littoral zone. • Open water – limnetic zone. • ALakes classified by nutrients – 1eutrophic – shallow and nutrient-rich; 2oligotrophic – deeper and nutrient-poor.

  13. Oligotrophic lake http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/50-19b-Eutrophic.jpg

  14. Eutrophic lake http://www.spatial.maine.edu/~snoox/images/eutrophic_lake.jpg

  15. * • BWetlands – area covered with water; supports plants. • CEstuaries – area where freshwater meets ocean. • Intertidal zone – land meets water. • DCoral reefs – dominated by coral.

  16. Wetlands http://www.usbr.gov/dataweb/assets/images/Wetlands.jpg

  17. Estuary http://www.cop.noaa.gov/images/estuaries.jpg

  18. Coral Reef http://212.84.179.117/i/Coral%20Reef.jpg

  19. EOceanic pelagic biome – away from shore. • Abyssal zone – lowest part of benthos; deep-sea hydrothermal vents help chemoautotrophic organisms.

  20. Abyssal zone http://206.110.20.50/web/schuh/students/jonathan/Monsters/MonstersofthDeep/seaslug.JPG

  21. Terrestrial biomes • Defined vertically from the canopy at top to the permafrost at the bottom. • ATropical forest – little light reaches ground because of deep canopy. • Rainfall determines life in area.

  22. Tropical Forest In Madagascar http://www.hort.cornell.edu/mudge/bneimark/SC%202.jpg

  23. BSavanna – scattered trees and grasses. • Fire helps increase diversity. • Has rainy season. • CTemperate grassland – seasonal drought, fires prevent tree growth. • Most used for farming.

  24. Savanna http://www.plantzafrica.com/vegetation/vegimages/savanna3.jpg

  25. Grasslands http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/Images/picgrassland.jpg

  26. DDeserts – sparse rain, some are cold. • Plants have structures to allow survival (i.e. water storage, alternative forms of photosynthesis) • EChaparral – evergreen shrub; long, hot, dry summers with fires.

  27. Desert http://pangea.stanford.edu/~hsiao/desert.jpg

  28. Chaparral http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/images/semiaridgrasslands92rw.jpg

  29. FTemperate deciduous forest – small mammals, leaves fall during autumn. • GTaiga – cone-bearing trees, trees have needles. • HTundra – permafrost covers ground, low diversity.

  30. Deciduous forest http://www.ccet.ua.edu/hhmi/images/Autumn.JPG

  31. Coniferous forest http://www3.newberry.org/k12maps/module_07/images/coniferous.jpg

  32. Tundra http://photojunkie.ca/photoblog/tundra.jpg

  33. http://www.hesd.k12.ca.us/resource/biomes/Biome%20map.gif

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