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ACIDS & BASES

ACIDS & BASES. BY. SARA JACKSON. 4TH QUARTER PROJECT. BACKGROUND. Acid and base are terms used by chemists to categorize chemicals according to their pH. An acid is generally considered to be any material that gives up a hydrogen ion in solution.

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ACIDS & BASES

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  1. ACIDS & BASES BY SARA JACKSON 4TH QUARTER PROJECT

  2. BACKGROUND • Acid and base are terms used by chemists to categorize chemicals according to their pH. • An acid is generally considered to be any material that gives up a hydrogen ion in solution. • A base is any material that creates a hydroxide ion in solution. • Many of these acids and bases are familiar in everyday life.

  3. ACI DS - A class of compounds whose water solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus to red, and react with bases to form salts. (measures less than 7 on the pH scale)

  4. Acids produce solutions that: • Taste sour • Turn blue litmus paper red • Conduct electricity • react with metals to liberate a hydrogen gas • are corrosive (acid rain) • lose the above properties when reacted with a base.

  5. ACIDS • Examples of acids: • Vinegar • Lemon Juice • Soft Drink • Battery Acid • Stomach Acid • Apple Juice • Black Tea

  6. BASES - A class of compounds that taste bitter, feel slippery in water solution, turn red litmus to blue, and react with acids to form salts. (measures more than 7 on the pH scale)

  7. Bases produce solutions that: • taste bitter • turn red litmus blue • conduct electricity • feel slippery • are corrosive (basic solution in glass container) • lose the above properties when reacted with an acid.

  8. BASES • Examples of bases: • Detergent • Baking Soda • Drain Cleaner • Ammonia • Soaps (hand, dish) • Antacid

  9. NEUTRAL • These are items that are neither acids or bases. • Neutral items will turn blue and red litmus paper green. • The main example of a neutral item is: Pure Water (measures exactly 7 on the pH scale)

  10. Indicators of ACIDS & BASES • Red litmus paper • Blue litmus paper • pH • Red Cabbage Juice

  11. RED BLUE LITMUS PAPER & • Robert Boyle discovered litmus paper • certain plant extracts, such as litmus, can be used to distinguish acids from bases. • blue and red litmus paper turn red when dipped in an acid • red and blue litmus paper turn blue when exposed to a base

  12. pH - The pH scale is used to identify how strong acids and bases are. • pH is the measure of acids or bases of a solution. • The pH scale is numbered from 1 to 14 • 1 through 6 being acids • 7 is considered neutral • 8 through 14 being bases

  13. RED CABBAGE JUICE • red cabbage can be used as an acid/base indicator • after boiling the red cabbage, pour a small amount of the juice into a small sample of a substance your checking • the juice will turn blue if the substance is a base • the juice will turn red if the substance is an acid

  14. IN YOUR BODY • Proteins in your hair, nails, cell membranes, and other parts of you body consist of amino acids. • Enzymes that catalyze reactions in your body are composed of amino acids. • Hydrochloric acid is in your stomach to aid in the digestion of food. • Organic bases are major components of DNA and products of the digestion of proteins.

  15. SUMMARY • ACID - A class of compounds whose water solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus to red, and react with bases to form salts. (measures less than 7 on the pH scale) • BASE - A class of compounds that taste bitter, feel slippery in water solution, turn red litmus to blue, and react with acids to form salts.(measures more than 7 on the pH scale) • NEUTRAL - These are items that are neither acids or bases. • There are 4 main ways to determine if a substance is and acid or a base. They are: Red litmus paper, Blue litmus paper, pH, and Red Cabbage Juice.

  16. ????QUESTIONS???? • Name an example of an acid that was mentioned on one of the slides. • Name an example of a base that was mentioned on one of the slides. • True or False. The lower the pH number, the stronger the acidity.

  17. !!!ANSWERS!!! Vinegar, Lemon Juice, Soft Drink, Battery Acid, Stomach Acid, Apple Juice, or Black Tea. Detergent, Baking Soda, Drain Cleaner, Ammonia, Soaps (hand, dish), or Antacid. True

  18. BIBLIOGRAPHY PAGE • Background information on acids and bases. <http://educ.queensu.ca/~science/main/concept/chem/c10/C10CDMJ1.htm> • Acids and Bases. <http://www.bookrags.com/research/acids-and-bases-woc/> • Acids and bases Lab. <http://www. Scribd.com/doc/2977162/Acids-and-Bases-Lab/> • Smoot, Robert C.; Price, Jack S.; Smith, Richard G. Chemistry A Modern Course. Chapter 24, Acids, Bases, and Salts. • Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc. Chemistry Visualizing Matter. Chapter 13, Acids and Bases.

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