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INTELLIGENCE, LANGUAGE, AND THINKING

INTELLIGENCE, LANGUAGE, AND THINKING. DR. ARRA PSY 202. INTELLIGENCE. Definition: Ability to solve problems and fashion things that are useful to society Gardner Multiple Intelligences Scholastic Aptitude. INTELLIGENCE.

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INTELLIGENCE, LANGUAGE, AND THINKING

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  1. INTELLIGENCE, LANGUAGE, AND THINKING DR. ARRA PSY 202

  2. INTELLIGENCE • Definition: Ability to solve problems and fashion things that are useful to society • Gardner • Multiple Intelligences • Scholastic Aptitude

  3. INTELLIGENCE • 1904 Binet developed an intelligence test to assess mentally retarded children in France • 1916 Binet’s intelligence test was modified and revised at Stanford University Stanford-Binet • Group Tests: Army, SAT • Individual Tests: WISC, …….

  4. INTELLIGENCE • What modern day tests measure • Verbal ability • Performance • Crystallized • Fluid reasoning • Scholastic aptitude

  5. INTELLIGENCE • Mean score = 100 • 1 standard deviation 85-115; 68% score here • 2 standard deviations 70 -130; 26% score here • 3 standard deviations 55 – 145; 4% score here

  6. INTELLIGENCE EXCEPTIONALITY • Giftedness • Mental retardation • IQ below 70, poor adaptive functioning, diagnosed before 18 • Borderline MR 70-75, Mild MR 69-55, Severe/Profound MR <55

  7. INTELLIGENCE • Are Intelligence tests valid? • Are Intelligence tests reliable? • Are intelligence tests theoretically-based? • Are intelligence tests culturally biased?

  8. INTELLIGENCE Horn and Cattell’s Gf-Gc Theory • Instead of a single g-factor • Two factors: fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystallized intelligence (Gc) • 7 GF/GC factors: STM, LTM, visual processing, auditory processing, processing speed, decision speed (more complex tasks), quantitative knowledge • Narrow abilities

  9. INTELLIGENCE Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences • Musical • Bodily-Kinesthetic • Linguistic • Spatial • Verbal • Logical/mathematical • Intrapersonal • Interpersonal • Green thumb/naturalistic???

  10. INTELLIGENCE What explains intelligence? • Genetics • Environment • Poor vs. rich home environment • Quality of mother-child interaction • MZ vs. DZ twins • MZ .86, DZ .62., Siblings .41/.24

  11. INTELLIGENCE The big controversy: INTELLIGENCE AND RACE

  12. LANGUAGE • Defined as the system of symbols, sounds, meanings, and rules for their combination that constitutes the primary mode of communication among humans

  13. LANGUAGE ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE • Phoneme – the smallest unit of sound that constitutes speech c/a/t • Morphemes – smallest unit of a word that has meaning cognition cognit – to know ion – the act of

  14. LANGUAGE • Syntax – rules that govern the placement of words or phrases in a sentence • Semantics – rules that govern meaning on the sentence or phrase level • Grammar – a system for generating acceptable language utterances and identifying unacceptable ones

  15. LANGUAGE Theories of Language Development Chomsky vs. Skinner

  16. LANGUAGE STAGES OF LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT • Crying (0-2 mos.) • Cooing (2-4 mos.) • Babbling (4-12 mos.) – consonants and vowels • MLU

  17. LANGUAGE • Single-word utterance (1-2 yrs.) • Overextension • Telegraphic speech (2 yrs.) • (3 yrs.> MLU increases) • Mastered basic grammar rules, and use about 2000 words (5-years-old)

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