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Python

Python. Team Avengers. HISTORY. 1991 Guido van Rossum Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica ABC & Amoeba Influences ABC, C, Algol-68 & Icon Modula-2+ & Modula-3. Changes -Garbage collector & UNIX -OSS - CPython and others “Programming Languange of the Year”

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Python

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  1. Python Team Avengers

  2. HISTORY

  3. 1991 • Guido van Rossum • Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica • ABC & Amoeba • Influences • ABC, C, Algol-68 & Icon • Modula-2+ & Modula-3

  4. Changes -Garbage collector & UNIX -OSS -CPython and others • “Programming Languange of the Year” -TIOBE, 2007 and 2010 -PyCon

  5. DESIGN & RATIONALE

  6. Rationale • ABC • Didn’t have enough features • Impossible to improve language • Amoeba • simpler way to develop system administration programs • C program & Bourne shell script took too long • From there, he attempted to create a similar language not so similar to ABC with the Amoeba system calls.

  7. Rossum wanted results as quickly as possible • Made the philosophy of taking shortcuts • Borrowed ideas from other languages • ABC • Amoeba. • C

  8. Design • Similar to C: • Same keywords. • Operators. • Different to C: • No semi-colons • No braces • C: • if (a < b) {max = b;} else {max = a;} • Python: • if a < b:max = belse:max = a

  9. Exceptions • Errors found while a program is executed, are • Used for error handling. • Exceptions handlers • try • except • finally • Handlers made to take care of exceptions

  10. All objects are “FIRST CLASS • Ability to assign any object to anything • Variable • Placed on lists • Passed as an argument. • Easy because objects based on a C data structure • Drops compile-time type checking • All type checking during run-time.

  11. Hash table implementation replaced sorted tables • Felt it would be faster & easier than ABC’s B-tree.

  12. Every statement is executable • Made Python simpler & easier to write by allow nesting functions class some_class(parent_class):defdoOp(self, x, y):def add(x, y):            return x + y        return add(x, y)

  13. FEATURES & PHILOSOPHY

  14. Features • Powerful multi-paradigm high level language • Object oriented • Imperative • Automatic memory management • Large standard library of resources • 100+ modules and growing • Includes third-party modules • Implemented other languages’ libraries such as C & ABC • Great for novice programmers

  15. Python 1.0 • Dynamic type • Exception handling • Programming Tools • Lambda • Filter • Reduce • Short learning curve • Asserted statements

  16. Built in support for importing hierarchical module names • Comparison able to raise exceptions • New dictionary methods • Clear() • Copy() • Update() • Easy for Python to be embedded • Compatible with GNU General Public License

  17. Python 2.0 • Garbage collector • Unicode • List comprehensions • Introduced string methods • Unification • Generators

  18. Requested Augmented Assignment • y= y + 2 becomesy+= 2 • Compiler work more efficiently • More transparent & community-backed

  19. Python 3.0(Python 3000/Py3k) • Removed redundant constructs & modules • Replaced print statement as function • Customization of separator between items • Views & iterators replaces lists • Rules of ordering comparisons were simplified and use of integers • Ex “int” replaced “long” • Text and binary data

  20. Philosophy • Fun & user- friendly • Versatile • Presentation and aesthetic syntax • Clear and highly readable • Widely spaced and organized • Indentation as block delimiters • Concise & simple • “There should be one-and preferably only one-obvious way to do it”

  21. Freedom to use different style • Object-oriented • Structured • Functional • Aspect-oriented • Highly extensible • Freedom write modules in C or C++ • Great glue language

  22. PROS & CONS

  23. Free, open-source unlike some other languages. Easy to understand and program. Simple structure marked with easy to recognize symbols. Primarily a scripting language very suitable for internet applications. PROS

  24. Python supports multiple programming paradigms, primarily, but not limited to, object-oriented, imperative, and to a lesser extent, functional programming styles. Python is also dynamic, consisting of garbage collection. Easy integration with C++ and Java which allows the programmer a wider scope and ways to solve a particular problem.

  25. Interfaces, or connections with many function calls, libraries &many Windows based systems as well. ‘Zope’ – widely used & easily understood content management tool, primarily used today in Europe. Enables programmers to easily design websites that can be modified by owners without the programmer interaction. Jython - very appealing program to programmers particularly savvy with Java. Completely written in Java with easy access to Java libraries, faster development & testing of applications.

  26. Cons • When scripting with Python there is one and only one way to solve a problem, but with its competitor Ruby there are more than one way to solve a problem. • Database access layers are also very primitive compared to other established technology like OBDC. • Very few tools enabling multiple user programming.

  27. Python also lacks a fully functional Integrated Development Environment (IDE) which also makes it a horrible candidate for creating Graphical User Interfaces and multitasking. • Requires much more extensive testing. • Strange documentation • Lack of end statements

  28. APPLICATIONS

  29. Forecastwatch • Used in all of components. • Standard Python Libraries • Collecting • Parsing • Storing • Minimized PHP URL’s

  30. Most Useful Libraries • Thread • Normal Expression • Object Serialization • Gzip Data Compression • Threading library for scaling the coverage to over 800 cities.

  31. Facebook • Uses MySQL backbone • Multiple large data libraries useful for data on Facebook. • Python based program, Tornado, as part of its data infrastructure.

  32. Civilization IV • Python for most tasks • boost.python allows access parts of game • Style • Content of the interface screens • Modify random map generation & add complex scripted events.

  33. Youtube • “Produce maintainable features in record times, with a minimum of developers.” • Quick development times • Great for writing larger programs • Great object-oriented features.

  34. Google • Google Groups, Gmail, Google maps & search engine internals. • Large data libraries & ease of programmability. • Easily readable language

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