Homework Bell Ringer

1. Homework Bell Ringer What religious official was the advisor to young Louis XIII of Three Musketeer Fame?

2. Homework Bell Ringer What Austrian-born French Queen is responsible for the gardens of the palace of Versailles? You might say that she lost her head over her gorgeous tulips.

3. Rise of AbsolutismRenaissance Politics In your notebooks list 4 things that you believe an Absolute Monarch would control in his/her country

4. Absolute monarchy or absolutism meant that thesovereign power or ultimate authority in the staterested in the hands of a king who claimed to rule bydivine right(will of God). • Sovereign power consisted of the authority to • make laws, • tax, • administer justice, • control the state's administrative system, • determine foreign policy.

5. Practice Regents . . . The power of God can be felt in a moment from one end of the world to the other: the royal power acts simultaneously throughout the kingdom. It holds the whole kingdom in position just as God holds the whole world. If God were to withdraw his hand, the entire world would return to nothing: if authority ceases in the kingdom, all lapses into confusion. . . . — Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet This passage describes the idea of (1) divine right rule (2) parliamentary democracy (3) Marxism (4) totalitarianism Which historical era is most closely associated with this passage? (1) Industrial Revolution (2) Agricultural Revolution (3) Age of Imperialism (4) Age of Absolutism

6. What led to the rise of Absolutism in 17th century? Rise of concept of nation state. (competing with other countries – ex. 100 Yrs War) Writers like Machiavelli – the Prince Lessoning control of the Catholic Church due to Protestant Reformation (1400s) Expanding wealth of nations due to imperialism (1500s) giving rise to huge armies

7. French Absolutism “Ancien Regime” (17th – 18th century) The Best Example of Absolutism to Study

8. Renaissance France - Politics • Religious Wars in France 1560 – 1598 - Catholics vs. Huguenots • Catherine de’ Medici was queen mother of France – wealthy, intelligent and connected to the current Pope Clemens

9. In 1572, 1000s of Huguenots fill Paris to celebrate the marriage of Catherine’s daughter to Henry of Navarre (Huguenot). During the wedding, Catherine sends out soldiers to kill the Huguenots – 10,000 die in what is known as the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre.

10. Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV (House of Bourbon) ends civil war by converting to Catholicism and promoting religious tolerance through Edict of Nantes(1598) – allows Protestants right to worship freely and hold office. Henry IV was popular with peasantry (“Chicken in every pot”), but was assassinated by Catholic fundamentalists.

11. Monarchy taken up by his young son, Louis XIII (1610-1643). So young, that he allows Cardinal Richelieu (of Three Musketeer fame) rule as Prime Minister. - Disbands Estates-General (their “legislative body) initiating absolutism (1614)

12. Cardinal RichelieuPrime Minister of France 1621 - 1642    ”If you give me six lines writtenby the most honest man, I will findsomething in them to hang him.”                              —Cardinal Richelieu Responsible for restoring stability of French Nation after death of Henry IV. Believed that the king should rule absolutely – believed people to be “mules” that had to be driven. Created local officers “intendants” to act as spies and tax collectors. Forced nobles to tear down castle walls. Alienated peasants and nobles to king. Gave titles of nobles to merchants who succeeded in commercial ventures. He would appoint these new nobles to administration.

13. Louis XIV “L’etat, c’est moi.” (1643-1715) Louis XIV of France ranks as one of the most remarkable monarchs in history. He reigned for 72 years, 54 of them he personally controlled French government. His rule has been hailed as the supreme example of a type of government - absolutism. Louis inherited a kingdom that was internally divided, militarily exhausted, and nearly bankrupt. He left to his heirs the greatest power in the Western world.

14. Louis XIV became king at the age of 4

15. Louis XIV’s main achievements: • expanding the effectiveness of the central government (made army have uniforms and ranks) • increasing the boundaries of France to the north and east, • placing one of his grandsons on the throne of Spain. • Revoked the Edict of Nantes and began persecuting Huguenots. The economy suffered during the long years of war, taxes increased, and the countryside was left vulnerable to punishing famines.

16. Louis XIV chose the sun as his emblem. The sun was associated with Apollo, god of peace and arts, and was also the heavenly body which gave life to all things, regulating everything as it rose and set. Like Apollo, the warrior-king Louis XIV brought peace, was a patron of the arts, and dispensed his bounty.

17. Palace of Versailles Versailles and its Gardens count among the world’s most prestigious monuments and are certainly the finest achievement of 17th century French art. http://en.chateauversailles.fr/the-palace-

18. King Louis XIII's former hunting lodge was transformed and enlarged by his son Louis XIV, who installed his court and government here.

21. The Château was embellished with new apartments during the 18th century, in the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI. The royal family and the court were forced to leave Versailles on October 6th 1789, after the first days of the French Revolution.

22. Ambassador Staircase, Versailles

23. Hall of mirrors where Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919. Lit by 4,000 candles in silver chandeliers.

26. Napoleon’s Throne

27. Garden of Marie Antoinette, there was over 20,000 acres of formal gardens

29. Versailles is known for 1,400 artistic sculptural fountains

30. How could Louis XIV afford this? • Jean Baptiste Colbertsuccessfully managed royal finances. • Reformed tax collection to avoid corruption • Increased tax by promoting new industry and mercantilism • Encouraged colonies and high import tariffs.