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forestry & silviculture. urban development. mining & resource extraction. channel alteration. agriculture. land cover alteration. industry. geology & other natural sources. ↑ N or P in surface runoff. ↑ N or P in subsurface waters. ↑ N or P in wet or dry deposition.
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forestry & silviculture urban development mining & resource extraction channel alteration agriculture land cover alteration industry geology & other natural sources ↑ N or P in surface runoff ↑ N or P in subsurface waters ↑ N or P in wet or dry deposition ↑ N or P in discharged waters source light ↑ N or P in soil ↑ macrophytes ↑ periphyton ↑ phytoplankton ↑ microbes ↑ pH ↑ delivery of N or P to stream ↑ dissolved organic N or P ↑ dissolved inorganic N or P ↑ particulate N or P Δ plant assemblage structure ↑ algal toxins Δ benthic organic matter Δ dissolved oxygen additional step in causal pathway human activity modifying factor Simple conceptual model diagram for NUTRIENTS Developed 7/2007 by Kate Schofield; modified 7/2010 mode of action biologically impaired fish assemblages other biological impairments biologically impaired invertebrate assemblages biotic response ↑ suspended organic matter Δ food resources Δ habitat structure Δ N:P ratio LEGEND interacting stressor proximate stressor