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Activity #3: Atoms & Elements

Activity #3: Atoms & Elements. Vocabulary. Atom Molecule Electron Nucleus Element Matter Proton Neut r on Atomic Number Mass Number Atomic Symbol Periodic Table Neutral Chemical Formula Structural Formula Coefficient Subscript. Atoms. The basic units of matter Incredibly small

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Activity #3: Atoms & Elements

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  1. Activity #3: Atoms & Elements

  2. Vocabulary • Atom • Molecule • Electron • Nucleus • Element • Matter • Proton • Neutron • Atomic Number • Mass Number • Atomic Symbol • Periodic Table • Neutral • Chemical Formula • Structural Formula • Coefficient • Subscript

  3. Atoms • The basic units of matter • Incredibly small • Placed side by side, 100 million atoms would make a row only about 1 centimeter long—about the width of your little finger!

  4. What are Atoms made of? • Made of particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. • Protons: positive (+) charge • Electrons: negative (-) charge • Neutrons: neutral (no charge) • Normally have equal numbers of electrons and protons, making them neutral

  5. Elements • Pure substances made of only one type of atom • Listed in theperiodic table of elements • Arranged in order of their atomic numbers • An atom is the smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element

  6. Atomic Number & Mass Number • Atomic number: the number of protons • Typically the same as the number of electrons • Mass number: the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

  7. Example: Carbon

  8. Practice

  9. N Important Elements for Biology • P • Five most abundant elements in living things are: • Hydrogen – 10% • Oxygen – 65% • Nitrogen – 4% • Carbon – 19% • Phosphorus – 1% • O • C • H • H

  10. Molecules, Compounds, & Chemical Formulas • Molecule: made when 2 or more of any atom are joined together • Ex: O2, H2O • Compound:a substance formed by the combination of two or more differentelements • Ex: H2O, C6H12O6 • All compounds are molecules, but NOT all molecules are compounds • Chemical Formula- written shorthand showing the composition of a compound

  11. Chemical Formulas • Coefficient: tells how many molecules of that substance • Large number BEFORE the formula • Subscript: goes with the element symbol preceding the number; tells how many atoms of that element within one molecule of the substance • Small number WITHIN the formula

  12. Carbon – 1 • Hydrogen - 4 • Hydrogen – 12 • Oxygen - 6 • Carbon - 1 • Oxygen - 2 • Nitrogen - 1 • Hydrogen - 3 Examples • 6

  13. Practice • Example 2: 6CO2 • What is the coefficient? _______ • What is carbon’s subscript? ________ • What is oxygen’s subscript? ________ • How many molecules of this compound are represented by this formula? _________ • How many atoms TOTAL are present in this molecule? ______ • 6 • 1 • 2 • 6 • 18

  14. Structural formulas • Drawing shows: • types of elements in the molecule • number of atoms of each element • arrangement of atoms and location of covalent bonds. • Shows the two dimensional shape of the molecule • water • glucose

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