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Administrative and statistical geographies

Administrative and statistical geographies. Administrative and statistical geographies. Lecture overview: Objectives of lecture Introductory questions Introduction to principal geographical systems: Census Postcodes Lecture summary. Objectives.

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Administrative and statistical geographies

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  1. Administrative and statistical geographies

  2. Administrative and statistical geographies • Lecture overview: Objectives of lecture Introductory questions Introduction to principal geographical systems: Census Postcodes Lecture summary

  3. Objectives • To understand the variety of different geographies in use in the UK • To identify those for which most useful information about neighbourhoods might be obtained • To learn how to find out about the boundaries, names and codes of these geographies

  4. Introductory questions… What do we mean by a ‘geography’? So what are examples of different ‘geographies’?

  5. Principal NS geographies • Local government • Mail delivery • Health care delivery • Census collection and output • Electoral representation • Statistical and functional…

  6. England Wales Scotland NI GOR UA CA LGD County UA ST EDiv STPCS Ward District ST Ward OA CAS EDiv CAS PCS CAS Ward OA OA OA United Kingdom? • Important to recognise that there are many differences in geography systems between the countries of the UK • Our focus is primarily on England and Wales • EU NUTS! Source: Justin Hayes

  7. Incompatible hierarchies! (England)

  8. Does geography matter? Source: news.bbc.co.uk Source: guardian.co.uk

  9. Relationships between geographies ‘Snapshot’ linkages No functional linkage Various…

  10. Census geography • Enumeration districts (EDs) • Output areas (OAs) • Statistical wards, Census Area Statistics (CAS) wards and Standard Tables (ST) wards • Districts, unitary authorities etc.

  11. Enumeration district Source: ONS

  12. New for 2001 Census geography… • Separation between collection and output geographies • Creation of OA boundaries by application of automated zone design to postcode boundaries • Creation of synthetic postcode boundaries as first step

  13. Automated output area design Initial Random Aggregation of Building Blocks Iterative Recombination Design Constraints (Contiguity, Thresholds, Shape, Size, Homogeneity) 2001 Output Areas

  14. 2001 Output Areas (n=175,434) [England and Wales]

  15. OA sizes summarized

  16. 2001 OA 1991 Ward 1991 ED Code-Point 1991 ‘sea’ [Portswood, Southampton]

  17. Super Output Areas • New geography for reporting of small area statistics. • Initially for use on the NeSS website • Eventually standard across National Statistics

  18. UK postcodes • Devised to aid automated sorting and delivery of mail • Controlled by Royal Mail • No formal geographical boundaries at the smallest scale: just lists of addresses

  19. UK postcodes

  20. Change over time • Census • Once every 10 years • Administrative • Periodical • Electoral • Continual, by review areas • Postal • Continual

  21. ONS Beginners guide to UK Geog

  22. To be continued… • We have identified the principal geography systems, but not the method by which social data comes to be associated with them • This is called geographical referencing (georeferencing) and comes later in the course…

  23. Assignment 3 • Work through the ONS Beginners’ guide to UK geography • Identify where your chosen neighbourhood falls within each of the principal geography systems • Identify the appropriate geographical area names and codes, using the smallest geographical units for which you can obtain information

  24. Lecture summary • Multiple geographies covering the UK and its constituent countries • Each designed for different purposes, by different bodies, at different times • Particular interest in census and postal geographies, but in any geography that may help describe neighbourhoods

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