Wireless sensor Networks for Disaster Management

1. Wireless sensor Networks for Disaster Management Imane BENKHELIFA ResearchAssociate, CERIST, Algeria 1styearPhDStudent, USTHB, Algeria

2. Disaster

3. Life Cycle of a disaster management • Preparedness: Activitiesbefore the disaster • Example: Preparingstrategic plans, Urgent exercises, Quick Alert Systems. • Response: Activitiesduring the disaster • Example: Public Alert System, Urgent operations, research and evacuation. • Recovery: Activitiesafter the disaster • Example: Temporaryshelter, Long-termmedicaltreatment. • Mitigation: Activities to reducedisastereffects • Example: Vulnerability Analysis, Construction of anti-earthquake Buildings, Education.

4. Global politicalwill • Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon, during his speech at the Telecom World 2009 in Geneva, discussed the important role of ICT in problem solving, including the reduction of natural disasters ICT can help reduce the risk and impact of natural disasters through good climate science and information sharing ... When an earthquake occurs, an ICT coordinated system can monitor evolutions, send emergency messages and help those affected.

5. Motivations • We have highlighted the importance of ICT in the management of disasters and emergency • Ad hoc networks (WMNs, MANETs, WSNs) can provide a good alternative to replace damaged infrastructure • We are mainly interested in the Intervention- Response phase

6. Projets usingWSNs • CodeBlue, Harvard University, USA • Speckled Consortium,Scotland, UK • Real time Landslides monitoring Project,India • In.Sy.Eme Project, Florence, Italy • SENSEI Project, Netherlands • WINSOC Project, Switzerland • SENDROM Project, Turkey • NEMBES Project, Ireland • FireHazard Monitoring Project , China • DDT Project, Japan • RESCUE Project, USA • PalCom Project, Denmark

7. ZOOM on the Projet In.Sy.EME(Integratedsystem for Emergency) Architecture of In.Sy.EmeDisaster Management System

8. ZOOM on thE Projet In.Sy.EME Post-disaster in IN.SY.EME • BroadBand Wireless NetworksWiMAX • Routing &QoS Management Aspect in Heterogenous Wireless Networks • Localization • Security Aspects

9. ZOOM on the projet sendrom(Sensor Networks for Disaster Relief Operations Management) Stand Alone Embedded

10. Scenarios • After an earthquake or fire, the command center sent the rescue agents to disaster areas equipped with sensors. • 1 - Agents must communicate with each other in real time to better evacuate people • 2 - The center contacts and guide remote agents • 3 - Victims (houses, factories ...) communicate with agents in their neighborhood to evacuate them • 4 - The traffic sensors (traffic cameras) communicate with vehicles to avoid road closures

11. Challenges • Emergency  Real Time Communication • Rescuers + vehicles + victims  mobile sinks • Geographic Real Time Routing Protocol with mobile sinks

12. Routing for disaster management • Long Life Time • Good Network Coverage • Quick communications • Data Aggregation • Medium Security • Low Overhead • Energy Conservation • Indoor/Outdoor performance • Scalability • Mobility Adaption

13. Evaluation Metrics • Delivery ratio: transmitted packets • Average Delay: E2E transmission delay • Path Length: nbr of nodes participating in the transmission • Overhead : nbr of extra-packets • Consumed Memory and energy

14. Classification of routingprotocols

15. StudiedProtocols • Geographic Real Time Routing: • SPEED, GSR, MMSPEED, GFG, GOAFR, QEMPAR, • GeographicRoutingwith mobile sinks: • MPR, ILSR, Ellipse, Elastic, FTCP, • GeographicRoutingespeciallydesigned for Emergency Situations: • RTRR,

16. Zoom on MMSEED protocol • Introduces multiple levels of speed to guarantee delivery of packets • Each packet associated with a speed level is placed in a queue according to its priority • Speed ​​determines the priority • Adetermines the packet speed according to DAC et E2E deadline • Intermediatenodemay change the packet speed if necessary • Reliability is guaranteed : control of active paths and multiple copies

17. Zoom on ELASTIC protocol B A • -A node uses greedy forwarding • -The mobile sink broadcasts its new position every 1 m • Each node listens to the transmission of his successor and detects the change of the sink position and changes it for its next transmission • The process repeats until the source node

18. Zoom on RTRR protocol(Real-time robustrouting) • Dedicated for Building Fires Lowsafe Energie < threshold Recv a STATE(infire ) msg Exceed a predetermines time Safe Unsafe Detectsfire Fire stops -Cannotwork -Energie < threshold Dectetsfire In fire Energie < threshold

19. Zoom on RTRR protocol(Real-time robustrouting) • RTRR maintains delay estimations of each packet to the closer sink • RTRR uses an adaptive energy transmission to avoid « holes »

20. Conclusion andrecommandations • Many National Projects use WSNs in disaster Management • Encourage the Algerian Project: WSN for Disaster Management • International Collaboration and Coordination • Big Challenges: • Suitable Architecture • Routing and Localization • Real Time and mobility

21. Obligatory Page QUESTIONS ?