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The product of mass and velocity of a body is called momentum .

Force and Laws of Motion. Momentum. The product of mass and velocity of a body is called momentum. Mathematically , Momentum = mass × velocity P = mv.

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The product of mass and velocity of a body is called momentum .

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  1. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum The product of mass and velocity of a body is called momentum. Mathematically , Momentum = mass × velocity P = mv It is a vector quantity. Momentum is always directed in the direction of velocity. The unit of momentum is in S.I system kg m/s or NS.

  2. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum

  3. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum Suppose masses of two moving balls A and B are m1 and m2 and having initial velocities are u1 and u2. Here u1> u2 Velocity of ball before collision Before collision : Momentum of ball A: PA = m1u1 Momentum of ball B: PB = m2u2 Total momentum before collision = m1u1 + m2u2

  4. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum Velocity of two balls Balls collide to each other for time t. Force exerted by ball B on A during this interaction is FAB. As per Newton’s third law of motion Force acting on ball B due to ball A would be FBA.

  5. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum Velocity of ball after collision Let after collision their velocities become v1 and v2. After collision Momentum of ball A‘:, PA' = m1v1 Momentum of ball B‘: PB' = m2v2 Total momentum after collision = m1v1 + m2v2

  6. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum Now according to Newton’s second law of motion :

  7. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum Final momentum = Initial momentum Thus during interaction of two balls total momentum before collision is equal to total momentum after collision.

  8. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum Example A bullet of 40 g is fired horizontally from a pistol of 4 kg mass with velocity 300 ms-1. How much would be the velocity of pistol in backward direction after firing the bullet ? Contd.

  9. Force and Laws of Motion Momentum Mass of bullet m1 = 40 g = 0.04 kg Mass of pistol m2 = 4 kg Initial velocity of bullet u1 = 0 m/s Initial velocity of pistol u2 = 0 m/s Final velocity of the bullet = v1 = 300 ms-1 Final velocity of the pistol v2 = ? According to law of conservation of momentum

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