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UNIT TWO

UNIT TWO. Understanding Hazardous Materials. Potential Outcomes TRACEM. Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion) Radiological Asphyxiation (Oxygen Deficiency) Chemical exposure Etiological (Biological Hazards) Mechanical. Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion).

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UNIT TWO

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  1. UNIT TWO Understanding Hazardous Materials

  2. Potential OutcomesTRACEM • Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion) • Radiological • Asphyxiation (Oxygen Deficiency) • Chemical exposure • Etiological (Biological Hazards) • Mechanical

  3. Thermal (Fire and/or Explosion) • Heat from a fire or the heat released by a chemical reaction • Extreme cold, such as liquefied gas or cryogenic liquids

  4. + +  Radiological Alpha - Most damaging, but least penetrating Hazard – Internal Shielding – Paper, dead layer of skin, travels 1 to 2 cm in air Beta- Small particle; low penetration Hazard - Primarily external, but also internal Shielding - Plastic, safety glasses, travels several feet in air - -

  5. Radiological (cont.) Gamma / X - Highly penetratingHazard - External - most external dose due to gammaShielding - Lead, steel, concrete, thick layers of water • Neutron - Highly penetrating • Hazard - External - most external dose due to gamma • Shielding – plastic, water  N

  6. Characteristics of Radiation Example of the penetrating power of the various types of ionizing radiation

  7. Asphyxiation • Oxygen Deficiency • Chemical Reaction THE RELEASE OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS (I.E. NITROGEN) CAN DEPLETE THE OXYGEN LEVEL BELOW SURVIVAL LIMITS.

  8. Chemical • Toxic or poisonous effects • Destructive effects from the exposure of the chemical on human tissue

  9. Etiological • Bacteria • Viruses Bacillus anthracis

  10. Mechanical • Debris • Excessive percussion (Noise)

  11. Routes of exposure • Inhalation • Ingestion • Absorption • Injection

  12. Inhalation • Nose • Throat • Trachea • Lungs

  13. Ingestion • Mouth • Throat • Esophagus • Stomach • Intestines

  14. Absorption • Eyes • Skin

  15. Injection • Needles • Projectiles • Shards • Nails

  16. Exposure to Hazards • Acute • Chronic • Both types of exposures can have acute (immediate) and/or chronic (long term) effects.

  17. Terrorist Events • Intentional release • Secondary devices • Inflict mass casualties

  18. Terrorist Chemical Agents • Choking Agents • Blood Agents • Blister Agents • Nerve Agents The symptoms of these exposures can range from a runny nose to rapid death and are considered to be available to terrorist groups worldwide.

  19. Emergency Medical Care Treatment only after emergency decon “Safety First”

  20. Emergency Decon If a rescue is attempted and is successful • the victim and the rescuer should be flushed with copious amounts of water • Strip their outer level of clothing • await hazardous materials operations level responders to arrive THE RESCUER NOW BECOMES A VICTIM BECAUSE OF UNKNOWN HAZARD EXPOSURE!!!

  21. UNIT TWO TEST

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