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Ch. 9—Development

Ch. 9—Development. KI 3: Where does level of development vary by gender?. Read pg. 284— “Regional Variations Within Countries”. Gender-Related Development Index (GDI). Compares the level of women’s development with both sexes

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Ch. 9—Development

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  1. Ch. 9—Development KI 3: Where does level of development vary by gender?

  2. Read pg. 284— “Regional Variations Within Countries”

  3. Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) • Compares the level of women’s development with both sexes • Measurements of overall development can mask gender inequalities within a country • The UN has not found a single country in the world where women are treated as well as men

  4. GDI: • Combines same factors as HDI and adjusts them to reflect differences between men and women • Economic: per capita female income as a percentage of per capita male income • Social: compare number of females vs. males enrolled in school, and compares literacy • Demographic: compares life expectancy • Complete gender equality would be 1.0 on GDI

  5. Gender Empowerment Measurement (GEM) • Compares the ability of men and women to participate in economic and political decision making • In every country, fewer women hold positions of economic and political power • Economic Indicators: Per capita female income and % of professional and technical jobs held by women • Political Indicators: % of administrative jobs held by women and % of members of national parliament

  6. Today: • The GDI and GEM were invented by UN in 1995—very controversial because measuring incomes is very difficult and because countries with low total incomes could not score high on either • In 2010 the UN introduced the Gender Inequality Index • Uses 3 indicators- reproductive health (Maternal mortality rate and adolescent fertility rate), empowerment (share of parliamentary seats and higher education attainment), and labor market participation (# of women in workforce) • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_Inequality_Index • http://data.un.org/DocumentData.aspx?q=HDi&id=332

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