MICROFLUIDIC PUMPS TO BE PRESENTED BY UMAR ABDULLAHI ABDULHAMEED 500612013 MAY,2013

1. MICROFLUIDIC PUMPS TO BE PRESENTED BY UMAR ABDULLAHI ABDULHAMEED 500612013 MAY,2013

2. OUTLINE • Introduction • Motivation • Why microfluidic pumps? • Definitions • Types • Applications • Challenges • References

3. INTRODUCTION • A microfluidic devices was once only used in the domain of inkjet printers and similarly-styled office equipment. Flash forward to today and you will see a microfluidic devices are employed in: • Biotechnology • pharmaceutical • life science etc. • Microfluidic pumps are capable of achieving single digit pL per minute flow rate.

4. MOTIVATION • The manipulation of fluid in channels with dimensions of tens of micrometers-microfluidic pumping-has emerged as a distinct new field. Microfluidics has a potential to influence subject areas from chemical synthesis and biological analysis to optics and information technology. But the field is still at an early stage of development. • To achieve these manipulations, the use of pump is earnestly needed in order to achieve miniaturization.

5. Why microfluidic pumps? • Mechanical pumps are not the best solution to overcome the viscous resistance of fluid flow in micro channels. • Large external pumps defies miniaturization • To allow implantation

6. DEFINATIONS Microfluidics • Microfluidics deals with the behavior, precise control and manipulation of fluids that are geometrically constrained to a small volume typically microlitre,nanolitre picolitreor femtolitre. • Microfluidic is a science that deals with the flow of fluid in a channel of micrometer size. What are microfluidic pumps? Microfluidic pumps are devices that are used to pump or mix fluid in channels of micrometer size in a microfluidic system.

7. BERNOULLI’S THEOREM • The Bernoulli equation is a special statement of the general energy equation • Work added to the system is referred to as pump head (hP) • Losses from the system are referred to as head loss (hL) • Pressure (lbf/in2) is a form of work • Strictly Mechanical Energy so we get the equation: P1 + PE1 + KE1 + WK = PE2 + KE2 + WKFRIC + P2

8. BERNOULLI’S Equation Z1 + (P1/) + (V12/2g) = Z2 + (P2/) + (V22/2g) + hP - hL Z : Elevation (ft) P : Pressure (lb/ft2)  : Density (lb/ft3) V : Velocity (ft/sec) g : acceleration (32.2 ft/sec2) Z : Elevation (ft) P : Pressure (lb/ft2)  : Density (lb/ft3) V : Velocity (ft/sec) g : acceleration (32.2 ft/sec2)

9. Fluidic Design Equations – Bernoulli Again

10. Piezoelectric microfluidic pumps

11. Various Piezoelectric Pumps

12. TYPES OF MICROFLUIDIC PUMP Different microfluidic pumps can be implement using: • Piezoelectric • Electrostatic effect • Thermo-pneumatic effect • Magnetic effect • Electrochemical • Ultrasonic flow generation • Electro-osmotic • Electohydrodynamics principle

13. Types of microfluidic pumps • Microfluidic pump based on travelling wave • Thermal gradient • Catalytic • Surface tension • Optically actuated pumps • Self-propelling semiconductor diode

14. Finger-powered pump

15. Finger –powered pump

16. FABRICATION OF THE DEVICE

19. ELECTRO-OSMOIC PUMP • The electro osmotic flow is generated in the pump by applying a low voltage across the two electrodes. • This may be implemented using a battery or dc power supply unit. • For advance flow rate control a PWM power source can be supplied. • Provide excellent pumping performance in a miniature package. • It also provide smooth flow

20. ELECTRO-OSMOIC PUMP • Ideal for integration into a microfluidic systems to its reduced size and precise control that can be achieved in the low flow range. • The working liquid can be deionizer water but it is possible to pump any liquid including aggressive media and cell suspension. Thus it has application in life science . • Advantages • No pulsation • No moving part • Small size • High power performance. • Easy operation

21. APPLICATIONS Biomedical • Drug delivery • Fluid mixing • Particle manipulation • Administering pharmaceutical products • Lab –on-chip • Implantation • Heart blood pumping implantation

22. APPLICATIONS • Life science • DNA analysis • Protein analysis • Forensic test • Lineage tracing • Separation of mammalian cell

23. CHALLENGES • Difficult to fabricate due to complex structure • Limitation to specific fluid • cost

24. REFERENCES [1] D. D. Carlo and L. P. Lee, “Dynamic Single-Cell Analysis for 2009. [2] P. Yager, T. Edwards, E. Fu, K. Helton, K Nelson, M R. Tam, Quantitative Biology”, Anal. Chem., Vol. 78, pp. 7918-7925, and B. H. Weigl, “Microfluidic Diagnostic Technologies for Global Public Health”, Nature, Vol. 442, pp. 412-418, 2006. [3] G.-M. Walker and D. J. Beebe, “A Passive Pumping Method for Microfluidic Devices”, Lab Chip, Vol. 2, pp. 131-134, 2002. [4] I. Meyvantsson, J. W. Warrick, S. Hayes, A. Skoien, D. J. Beebe, “Automated Cell Culture in High Density Tubeless Microfluidic Device Arrays”, Lab Chip, Vol. 8, pp. 717-724, 2008. [5] A. W. Martinez, S. T. Phillips, and G. M. Whiteside's, “Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Devices Fabricated in Layered Paper and Tape” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., Vol. 105, pp. 19606-19611, 2008.

25. THANKS FOR YOUR AUDIENCE