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Saint B enedict (480?-547) Father of Western Monasticism Early years spent studying in Rome

Saint B enedict (480?-547) Father of Western Monasticism Early years spent studying in Rome Shocked by the degenerate life of the city Withdraws to a cave for three years Invited to become the abbot of a group of monks living in northern Italy

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Saint B enedict (480?-547) Father of Western Monasticism Early years spent studying in Rome

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  1. Saint Benedict • (480?-547) • Father of Western Monasticism • Early years spent studying in Rome • Shocked by the degenerate life of the city • Withdraws to a cave for three years • Invited to become the abbot of a group of monks living in northern Italy • Monks disagree with his rules and try to poison him • Leaves the group and shortly thereafter and founds a monastery at Monte Cassino Benedictine Rule: • Stressed communal living and physical labor • Monks not allowed to own property • Communal meals • Unnecessary conversation avoided • Time devoted to the needs of the local people • Distribution of alms and food to the poor • Rule later adopted by most Western monasteries • Franciscans • Itinerant preachers • Extreme poverty • Augustinians • Less rigid • (Martin Luther)

  2. Consolidation of the Church • Theological Unification • Heresies – • No Dissent Tolerated Administrative Unification Primacy of Rome • Peter considered Christ’s spiritual successor • Leo (440-461) – claims ecclesiastical authority • Gregory the Great (590-604) - consolidates authority through diplomacy • Church asserts itself over all secular power – no king is strong enough to challenge its authority AD 600 – the Church is ready to become the new unifying force in Western Europe

  3. Augustine the Searcher I. Christian mother II. Manichean III. Skeptic IV. Neo-Platonist V. Baptized by Ambrose VI. Bishop of Hippo Writings: Time

  4. Material World: • God created the material world, so it must be good • Platonic view – the material world is impermanent • focus on the material world diverts us from contemplating God Conflict: • condemns Greco-Roman heritage

  5. Carolingian Renaissance Frankish Kingdom • Charles “The Hammer” Martel defeats Moors at Tours AD 732 • Charlemagne {reigned AD 768-814} • drives Moors back into Spain • drives Norsemen back to Denmark • drives Lombards back into Italy • forcibly Christianizes Europe during conquests • crowned Holy Roman Emperor AD 800 • Revival • Charlemagne’s capital at Aachen modeled after Ravenna • introduces Roman stone construction to Northern Europe • encourages scholars to come to Aachen • Palatine School – no original scholarship, but sets • precedent as center of learning

  6. Assimilation • Europe achieves brief unity under Charlemagne • cultures blend with NORTHERN emphasis Epic Literature • Beowulf – the ultimate Germanic hero • savage deeds not rational philosophy • Le Chanson du Roland – • based on Charlemagne’s nephew and actual battle • feudal / Christian values

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