Štúdie zdravia

1. Štúdie zdravia prof.MUDr. Martin Rusnák, CSc Katedra verejného zdravotníctva FZaSP, Trnavská univerzita rusnakm@truni.sk ostatná úprava 12/10/08

2. Čo sú štúdie zdravia • Surveys are a critical source of information for the development, implementation, and evaluation of policies and practices addressing health and health care. • Surveys can provide accurate, unbiased, and generalizable information on population characteristics, risk factors, health status, health-care access, use and insurance coverage, and the health-care system itself.

3. Všeobecné použitie údajov získaných zo štúdií • identifying public health problems; • program planning and evaluation; • health education and health promotion; • epidemiologic, biomedical, and health services research; • measuring the extent and impact of illness; and • measuring the use of health-care services, related medical expenditures, and sources of payment for care

4. Typy štúdií zdravia • Štúdie založené na populácii, ktoré získavajú informácie priamo od subjektov; • Štúdie, ktoré získavajú informácie o rôznych entitách, napr. poskytovateľoch starostlivosti; a • Štúdie založené na administratívnych záznamoch.

5. Štúdie založené na populácii • Popisujú charakteristiky študovanej populácie; • Populácia môže byť definovaná geograficky, napr. Slovenská republika; alebo • Subpopulácie podľa veku, pohlavia, etnicity, socioekonomických charakteristík; • Subpopulácie podľa zamestnania, ochorenia, ...

6. Spôsoby získavania informácie • Dotazníky rozposlané poštou, emailom • Interview face to face, telefonicky • Bias can also be introduced if the reporting of health status in terms of disease prevalence is dependent on receiving health care. Individuals would have to have visited a health-care provider and received the appropriate tests before they can report that a condition exists.

7. The eUser population survey 2005 • was conducted from 17th January to 4th March 2005 in 10 selected EU member states including: Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom as old and Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia from the new member states. It consisted of 1,000 successful interviews per country (in Ireland: 800)‏ • All interviews were carried out using CATI (computer assisted telephone interviewing) techniques. Zdroj: http://www.euser-eu.org/Document.asp?MenuID=90

8. Obmedzenia a výhody • telephone penetration, non-pub-numbers and random dialling techniques. • Telephone interviews offer the advantage of quick and reliable data collection from a central telephone unit for each geographical area selected and hence avoid the disadvantages of spatially clustered surveying. • CATI also offers best field control, automated sample administration, simultaneous data entry and permits a complex branching of the interview flow depending on filter questions and thus allows to apply follow-up questions finely tailored to respondents' previous answers, e.g. to the firm's ICT equipment status.

9. Účastníci • for each country an independent, representative, multiple stratified random sample was drawn. • The respective samples were drawn on the basis of national telephone directories plus generated telephone numbers (Random Digit Dialling) to account for non-listed numbers. • Within each household identified by the so obtained telephone number, the actual respondent aged 18 years and older was chosen by applying a random procedure ("Birthday key", i.e. the person with the next birthday was interviewed)

10. Zabezpečenie účasti • In order to achieve an interview with the determined target person the target household had to be contacted up to 12 times. • If nobody could be reached, the household was re-contacted after 60 minutes, if the line was busy, again after 15 minutes.

11. Use of the Internet and phone-based information services for health information / advice

12. Consultation with doctor by telephone and e-mail

13. Štúdie poskytovateľov provide information on the • structure, • capacity, and • functioning of that system

14. The National Health Care Surveys • are a family of provider-based surveys designed to meet the need for objective, reliable information about the organizations and providers that supply health care, the services rendered, and the patients they serve Zdroj: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhcs.htm

15. Ambulatory and hospital care • Physician offices: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS)‏ • Emergency and outpatient hospital departments: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS)‏ • Ambulatory surgery facilities: National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS)‏ • Inpatient hospital departments: National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS)‏

16. Long-term care • Nursing homes: National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS)‏ • Home and hospice care providers: National Home and Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS)‏

17. Príklad dotazníka

18. Annual rate of injury-related ED visits for children by diagnosis

19. ED visits by day of week according to illness or injury

20. Štúdie založené na administratívnych záznamoch • Obtaining information from the provider's records provides data of much higher quality at a much lower cost than obtaining the information from the patient. • National Hospital Discharge and Ambulatory Surgery data. This survey first samples hospitals and then obtains information about a sample of stays in the sampled hospitals by reviewing the discharge records.