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Learn how to recognize, use, and place adverbs effectively in sentences. Understand how to make accurate comparisons using adverbs and avoid double negatives.
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Chapter 6 ADVERBS
Learning Objectives 1 To recognize adverbs 2 To use adverbs effectively 3 To use adverbs to make accurate comparisons 4 To place adverbs appropriately 5 To avoid using double negatives
Adverbs—Definition, Forms, and Uses • Adverbs are words used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. • Most adverbs are formed by adding an –ly ending to an adjective. • Other adverbs indicating place, direction, time, and other relationships do not have –ly endings. • Adverbs often answer one of the following questions: how, where, when, or to what extent. Refer to CHECKPOINTS 1 through 3.
Adverbs—Uses(continued) • The adverbs not and never are used to negate whatever is being said. • In the present and past tenses, not is generally accompanied by the helping verb do/does or did. • Not is often used in contraction with the helping verb. Refer to CHECKPOINT 4. Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-1 and 6-2.
Comparisons in Adverbs Refer to CHECKPOINT 5.
Comparisons in Adverbs (continued) • Irregular adverbs do not form comparative or superlative degree by either method (using more/most before the adverb or adding -er/-est to the base form). • For double comparisons, include as after the positive degree adverb and than after the comparative degree adverb. • Avoid the following: • Excessive use of very • Using new adverbs made of nouns + -wise • Using unnecessary adverbs Refer to CHECKPOINT 6. Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-3 and 6-4.
Placement of Adverbs An adverb that modifies an adjective or other adverb is placed immediately before the word that it modifies An adverb that modifies a verb may occupy many positions in a sentence An adverb in the introductory or final position in a sentence receives great emphasis An adverb set off in commas receives additional emphasis Placement of the adverbs only, merely, and also greatly affects the meaning of a sentence Refer to CHECKPOINTS 7 and 8.
Placement of Adverbs (continued) PLACEMENT OF NOT To increase emphasis and clarity, place not immediately before all in negative statements that apply to some individuals or items named by the subject. DOUBLE NEGATIVES Avoid using two negative words in the same sentence because the second negative word will cancel the meaning of the first. Refer to CHECKPOINT 9. Refer to APPLICATIONS 6-5 and 6-6. Refer to CHAPTER 6 REVIEW. Refer to APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE.
Learning Objectives 1 To recognize adverbs 2 To use adverbs effectively 3 To use verbs to make accurate comparisons 4 To place adverbs appropriately 5 To avoid using double negatives