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Bonding…

Bonding…. Intra molecular Forces. Bonds that occur between ATOMS Example: H-O-H, the bonds that hold the H to the O are called intramolecular forces. Relatively strong bonds 2 main types of bonds that are based on their strength Covalent Ionic Which is stronger??. Covalent vs. Ionic.

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Bonding…

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  1. Bonding…

  2. Intramolecular Forces • Bonds that occur between ATOMS • Example: H-O-H, the bonds that hold the H to the O are called intramolecular forces. • Relatively strong bonds • 2 main types of bonds that are based on their strength • Covalent • Ionic • Which is stronger??

  3. Covalent vs. Ionic • Covalent • Share electrons • Liquids or gases at room temp • Do not form crystals • Poor conductors of electricity • Stronger bonds b/t atoms • No attraction b/t ions • Low m.p. and b.p.

  4. Ionic • Transfer electrons • Solids at room temp • Tend to form crystal structures • Good conductors of electricity • Weaker bonds b/t atoms • High attraction b/t ions surrounding each other • High m.p. and b.p

  5. Why do ionic cmpds have a high m.p. and b.p? Cl- Na+ The bond between the Na and Cl is not as strong as a covalent bond would be Cl- Na+ But, the attraction between the (-) and (+) ions over and over again, makes for a really strong attraction increasing the m.p. and b.p.

  6. Intermolecular Forces • Bonds that occur between MOLECULES • Example: You have several water molecules bonded together. The forces holding them are intermolecular forces. • Much weaker bonds than intramolecular forces • 3 main types based on strength of their bond • London Dispersion Forces • Dipole-Dipole • Hydrogen Bonds

  7. London Dispersion Forces • Weakest of all intermolecular forces • Occurs between nonpolar covalent molecules and solids with low melting points • Why would molecules with LD forces have low melting points? • Examples: H2, N2, Cl2, paradichlorobenzene

  8. Dipole-Dipole • Stronger than LD forces, but weaker than intramolecular forces • Occurs between polar covalent molecules • Medium m.p. and b.p. of the 3 intermolecular forces • Examples: HCl, H2S • Don’t get too hung up on what is polar covalent not testing that again right now

  9. Hydrogen Bonds • Strongest of the 3 intermolecular forces, but weaker than intramolecular forces • Attraction between polar molecules that contain hydrogen bonded to one of the following: fluorine, nitrogen, or oxygen • Will have the highest m.p. and b.p. of the 3 intermolecular foces

  10. van der Waals forces • These are the two weakest intermolecular forces combined • London Dispersion • Dipole-Dipole

  11. Intra- molecular Forces Inter- molecular Forces Increasing Strength of Bond van der Waals Forces

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